2010年-世界发展银行全球_Guangzhou_Green_Trucks_Pilot_Project___Technology_Pilot_Report_22页_812kb

Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project – Technology Pilot Report Summary

Core Content

The Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project was initiated by the World Bank to support Guangzhou's efforts to improve air quality in preparation for the 2010 Asian Games. The project aimed to develop a "proof of concept" for reducing truck emissions and improving fuel efficiency in Guangdong Province and China. It was implemented by the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) in cooperation with Cascade Sierra Solutions, US EPA, and the World Bank, with support from local authorities.

The pilot focused on three types of trucks: Heavy Duty Trucks (HDTs), Short-haul trucks, and Garbage trucks. The technologies tested included truck weight reduction, reducing tire rolling resistance, and improving aerodynamics. The goal was to demonstrate the effectiveness of these technologies in the Chinese context and identify factors influencing their success.

Main Technologies Tested

• Truck Weight Reduction: Aluminum wheels were tested on HDTs, reducing the overall weight and improving fuel efficiency.
• Reducing Tire Rolling Resistance: Dual low rolling resistance tires (Michelin XZA2 Energy LRR Tires) were tested. A tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) was also installed on all tested trucks.
• Improved Aerodynamics: Equipment such as cab fairings, nose cones, and trailer skirts were tested to reduce drag at speeds above 75 km/hr. These technologies were found to be more effective at higher speeds.

Key Findings from the Pilot

HDTs: Star of the City Logistics (SOCL)

• Company Overview: SOCL is a private logistics company with over 300 trucks and 2,600 employees, operating in the Pearl River Delta and long-haul services to East and North China.
• Technology Implementation: The equipment package included aluminum wheels, low rolling resistance tires, and TPMS.
• Pilot Duration: 77 days (16 August 2009 – 30 October 2009).
• Fuel Economy: Pilot truck 1 showed a 6.64% improvement in fuel economy compared to the control truck, with an average of 36.16 liters per 100 km versus 38.73 liters per 100 km for the control.
• Fuel Savings: If the equipment package were installed on all 30 HDTs in SOCL’s fleet, it would save 106,704 liters of fuel annually, equivalent to US$96,033, with a payback period of 5.1 years.
• Emissions Reduction: Annual CO2 reductions of 276 tons, NOx reductions of 996 kg, and PM10 reductions of 42 kg.
• Challenges: The pilot was conducted during high-demand months, which affected results. The TPMS was misused by drivers due to lack of training, and the data collection methods were inconsistent.

Short-haul Trucks: Xinbang Logistics (XBWL)

• Company Overview: XBWL operates 600 trucks and has over 5,000 employees, covering short-haul and long-haul services in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta.
• Technology Implementation: Low rolling resistance tires, steel rims, and TPMS were tested.
• Pilot Duration: 62–65 days, with varying load dispatches.
• Fuel Economy: Pilot trucks had an average of 25.62 liters per 100 km, compared to 24.76 liters per 100 km for control trucks, showing a 1.8% improvement.
• Data Issues: The data was collected from office tracking records rather than odometers, leading to potential inaccuracies. Additionally, the new drivers were not trained in using the TPMS, which affected results.
• Conclusion: XBWL believes actual fuel savings were higher than reported, but the cost of LLR tires (33% more than standard tires) made them unlikely to adopt the package widely.

Garbage Trucks: Baiyun District, Guangzhou

• Company Overview: The Baiyun District garbage fleet is part of the public sanitation system of Guangzhou, with over 1,100 trucks and 20,000 employees.
• Technology Implementation: Low rolling resistance tires, steel rims, and TPMS were tested on two garbage trucks.
• Pilot Duration: 45–44 days.
• Fuel Economy: Pilot trucks had an average of 32.25 liters per 100 km, compared to 39.4 liters per 100 km for control trucks, showing a 18.3% improvement.
• Factors Affecting Results: Poor-quality tires on control trucks (8-month life) versus Michelin tires (5-year life) significantly influenced fuel savings. The TPMS had technical issues due to incorrect installation.
• Conclusion: LRR tires were identified as a major contributor to the observed fuel savings.

Key Lessons and Recommendations

• The technologies tested (aluminum wheels, LLR tires, TPMS, and aerodynamics equipment) are effective in reducing fuel consumption and emissions in trucks.
• Fuel savings and emissions reductions are more pronounced at higher speeds (above 75 km/hr), where aerodynamics equipment delivers optimal performance.
• Driver training is crucial for the proper use of TPMS and other technologies.
• Data collection methods need to be standardized to ensure accurate and reliable results.
• Bulk purchasing and factory installation of technologies could significantly reduce costs and improve the payback period.
• Local conditions such as traffic congestion, load distribution, and tire quality have a major impact on the effectiveness of the technologies.
• The pilot project results should be verified in a larger-scale implementation to ensure their validity and applicability.

Conclusion

The Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project demonstrated the potential of adopting Western technologies to improve truck fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in China. While the results were promising, they were influenced by various local factors, including driver behavior, data collection methods, and operational conditions. The project highlighted the importance of proper implementation, training, and data accuracy for successful emission reduction programs. Future pilots should consider these factors to enhance the reliability and effectiveness of the results.