2018-拉丁美洲和加勒比地区可持续工业园区的发展研究（英文版）-5mb

Summary of the Development of Sustainable Industrial Parks in Latin America and the Caribbean

Core Content

This document presents the outcomes of a United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) initiative aimed at promoting sustainable industrial parks in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. The project, supported by the UNIDO LAC Trust Fund, involves eight participating countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama, and Paraguay. The initiative focuses on enhancing cooperation, building capacities, and developing technical guidelines for the sustainable development of industrial parks.

The project is aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 9, which emphasizes innovation and inclusive industry. The circular economy is identified as a key concept for achieving sustainability, with a focus on resource efficiency, waste reduction, and environmental responsibility.

Main Objectives

1. Establish and consolidate national and regional strategies for sustainable development and industrial parks.
2. Build national capacities to apply best practices in the management, policy, and Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP) of sustainable industrial parks.
3. Develop technical guidelines for sustainable industrial parks to enable replication and scalability across the region.

Key Activities and Outcomes

• Baseline studies and working groups were established in each country to evaluate the current state of industrial parks and identify gaps.
• Pilot projects were implemented in each country, with assessments conducted using the RECP method.
• National committees were formed or strengthened to coordinate government bodies, industry, and technical service providers.
• Expert Group Meeting (EGM) was held in Lima, Peru, in May 2017, bringing together representatives from all eight countries to share progress, knowledge, and experiences.
• A continuity plan was developed, focusing on:
  • Strengthening regional integration and positioning sustainable industrial parks as tools to achieve SDGs.
  • Supporting national and regional policies to promote the circular economy and low-carbon industry.
  • Enhancing national capacities for implementing circular economy and low-carbon industry practices in industrial parks.

Circular Economy and Its Importance

• The circular economy is based on the principle that industrial waste represents a lack of efficiency in resource use.
• It aims to preserve the utility and value of products and resources throughout their life cycle.
• The circular economy promotes a shift from a linear to a circular model, reducing environmental impact and enhancing economic competitiveness.
• Sustainable industrial parks are effective tools for implementing the circular economy, as they enable resource efficiency, cleaner production, and industrial symbiosis.
• The benefits of sustainable industrial parks include:
  • Improved productivity and reduced costs for companies.
  • Enhanced environmental performance.
  • Social and economic benefits for local communities.
  • Support for national lawmakers in developing environmentally friendly growth strategies.
  • Increased investment and revenue for park management.

Policy Conditions for Sustainable Industrial Parks

• A national focal point was appointed in each country to coordinate the development of strategies and policies.
• Technical coordinators from UNIDO/UNEP RECP network centers provided guidance and conducted assessments.
• National committees were formed to:
  • Develop policy frameworks and legislation for standardizing industrial parks.
  • Ensure the recognition of sustainable industrial parks.
  • Coordinate between stakeholders, including government, industry, and academia.
• Workshops were organized to raise awareness and promote debate on sustainable industrial park development.

Experiences in the LAC Region

• Kalundborg model (Denmark) is cited as an example of industrial symbiosis, where companies share resources and by-products.
• Gualeguaychú industrial park (Argentina) was used as a pilot to implement cleaner production and industrial symbiosis.
• Ubajay industrial park (Argentina) is a representative example of a sustainable industrial park in the planning phase, incorporating tools like cleaner production and industrial symbiosis.
• The RECP method was applied to assess companies within the parks, leading to the identification of financially viable and socially inclusive options.

Country Outcomes

• A simplified evaluation tool was developed and tested in the eight countries to guide the transition of industrial parks into sustainable ones.
• The tool includes:
  • A systematic diagnostic method.
  • An analysis of management strategies, coordination between companies, and optimization using RECP.
  • Integration of economic, environmental, and social aspects to ensure sustainable and inclusive industrial development.
• A document is currently being developed by UNIDO, German Development Cooperation (GIZ), and the World Bank to define minimum criteria for classifying an industrial park as sustainable, covering:
  • Management performance.
  • Economic performance.
  • Social performance.
  • Environmental performance.

Future Plans

• A final meeting is planned (provisionally in Panama) to present the project's outcomes and bankable proposals.
• The goal is to secure funding for the second phase of the initiative, focusing on the replication and scalability of results.
• The project emphasizes public-private cooperation and the inclusion of academic representatives to enhance success.

Conclusion

The initiative demonstrates the potential of sustainable industrial parks to drive economic, social, and environmental benefits in the LAC region. It underscores the importance of regional cooperation, technical expertise, and policy alignment in achieving sustainable industrial development. The circular economy and industrial symbiosis are central to this effort, offering innovative solutions to reduce waste, enhance resource efficiency, and support inclusive growth.