2025年集装箱港口绩效指数_68页_3mb

The Container Port Performance Index 2025 Summary

Core Content

The Container Port Performance Index (CPPI) is a data-driven benchmark that assesses container port performance based on vessel time in port. It has evolved into a widely used and reliable dataset, enabling comparisons across ports, regions, and income groups, as well as tracking performance trends over time. The 2025 edition of the CPPI highlights the critical relationship between port performance and global supply chain stress, showing that these two factors are interdependent and influence each other in both directions.

Main Points

• CPPI as a Benchmark: The CPPI provides a consistent and objective measure of port performance, focusing on vessel time in port. It accounts for factors such as nautical access, berth availability, cargo handling productivity, yard operations, stakeholder coordination, and hinterland interfaces.

• Global Trends in 2025: The global average CPPI slightly deteriorated compared to 2024, indicating longer vessel times in port. This trend is not uniform globally but reflects regional and port-specific developments, influenced by external shocks and structural factors.

• Regional and Income Group Differences:

  • High and Upper-Middle-Income Economies: Ports in these regions generally show better performance due to stronger infrastructure, higher crane intensity, advanced digital systems, and better coordination.
  • Low and Lower-Middle-Income Economies: These ports tend to have longer vessel times, often due to import-dominated trade structures, limited competition, and weaker hinterland connectivity.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: Continues to record lower CPPI scores, influenced by structural constraints and limited investment.
  • Middle East: Experienced a decline in performance due to the Red Sea crisis, highlighting vulnerability to geopolitical shocks.

• Top Performers in 2025:

  • Top 5 Ports: Fuzhou, Dalian, Salalah, Mawan, and Chiwan, all characterized by short vessel turnaround times.
  • Top Improvers (2020–2025): Port Elizabeth, Khalifa Bin Salman Port, Posorja, Göteborg, and Muhammad Bin Qasim.
  • Top Improvers (2025–2024): Durban, Freeport, Coega (Ngqura) Port, Cristobal, and Manzanillo (Mexico).

• Supply Chain Stress and Port Performance:

  • Negative Impact: Supply chain stress, including congestion, schedule unreliability, and vessel bunching, negatively affects port performance by increasing vessel time and reducing productivity.
  • Feedback Loop: Poor port performance can worsen supply chain stress by tying up vessel capacity and propagating delays along shipping routes.
  • Resilience and Efficiency: Resilient ports that maintain operational discipline during volatility tend to perform better and recover faster from disruptions.

• Key Factors for Performance:

  • Minimizing Time Absorption: Efficient ports reduce unproductive waiting and idle time.
  • Resilience: Ability to recover from shocks is as important as peak efficiency.
  • Coordination and Governance: Alignment of roles and incentives among stakeholders improves performance and resilience.
  • Digitalization: Enhances predictability and reduces the amplification of shocks through better planning and information sharing.

Methodological Approach

• The CPPI is calculated using AIS (Automatic Identification System) data and proprietary port and terminal information.
• It measures vessel time in port, excluding time after departure from berth.
• Factor Analysis (FA) is used to derive the index, ensuring consistency and comparability across ports and time.
• The index accounts for ship size and call characteristics, providing a nuanced view of performance.
• The Annex includes full CPPI data for all six years (2020–2025) and reference metrics for benchmarking.

Key Insights

• Income is Not the Only Determinant: While higher-income economies generally perform better, structural factors and exposure to shocks also play a significant role.
• Digital Tools Improve Efficiency: Advanced systems like Terminal Operating Systems and Port Community Systems help reduce delays and enhance coordination.
• Geopolitical and Climate Shocks Impact Performance: Events such as the Red Sea crisis and climate-related disruptions have had measurable effects on port performance.
• CPPI as a Diagnostic Tool: It not only benchmarks performance but also helps identify areas for improvement and understand the broader implications of port operations on global trade.

Conclusion

The 2025 CPPI underscores the importance of port performance in maintaining the resilience and efficiency of global supply chains. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, port authorities, and stakeholders to improve operations, address structural inefficiencies, and enhance trade facilitation. The index remains a crucial tool for monitoring and understanding the dynamics of port and supply chain systems in a rapidly changing global environment.