世界卫生组织：激发健康活力：加速医疗设施的电力供应报告_240页_13mb

Summary of Energizing Health: Accelerating Electricity Access in Health-Care Facilities

Core Content

This report, Energizing Health: Accelerating Electricity Access in Health-Care Facilities, is a collaborative effort by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL). It aims to highlight the critical role of electricity access in health-care facilities and provide actionable insights to accelerate its implementation, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Main Objectives

• To emphasize the importance of electricity access in enabling quality health care.
• To map the current status of electricity access in health-care facilities globally.
• To assess energy needs and provide technical guidance for electrification.
• To identify barriers and propose enabling frameworks for sustainable energy solutions.
• To share country case studies and lessons learned.
• To estimate investment needs and outline a way forward for universal health coverage (UHC).

Key Findings

• Electricity Access Gaps: Approximately 1 billion people in low- and lower-middle-income countries are served by health-care facilities lacking reliable electricity access.
• Regional Disparities: In South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, 12–15% of health-care facilities have no electricity access at all.
• Sub-Saharan Africa: Around 25,000 health-care facilities have no electricity access, and 68,350 have unreliable access.
• Reliable Electricity as a Priority: Only 50% of hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa have reliable electricity access.
• Impact on Health Services: Reliable electricity is essential for basic services like lighting, communication, and clean water supply, as well as for critical medical equipment and procedures.
• Urgent Investment Needed: An estimated US$4.9 billion is required to electrify health-care facilities in 63 low- and middle-income countries to a minimal or intermediate level.

Main Views and Recommendations

1. Electricity Access as a Health Enabler

• Reliable electricity is fundamental to delivering essential health services.
• It is a critical component for achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and improving health outcomes.
• Lack of electricity access hampers the delivery of emergency care, immunization, and other life-saving interventions.

2. Energy Needs Assessment

• Comprehensive assessments are necessary to identify critical and non-critical loads in health-care facilities.
• These assessments should consider the type of facility, operational hours, and load requirements.
• Technical tools and software are available to support these assessments, but on-site audits remain essential.

3. Decentralized Renewable Energy Solutions

• Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are a viable and rapidly deployable option for electrification.
• These systems are cost-effective, clean, and reduce dependency on fossil fuels.
• Decentralized systems also help build climate resilience and improve environmental sustainability.

4. Techno-Economic Considerations

• A variety of energy supply options are available, including centralized grid extension, mini-grids, and hybrid systems.
• Cost, reliability, and maintenance are key factors in choosing the right energy system.
• Remote monitoring systems and training programs are crucial for long-term operation and maintenance.

5. Enabling Frameworks

• Policy: Clear policy frameworks are needed to support electrification efforts.
• Data Infrastructure: Reliable data collection and analysis are essential for progress tracking.
• Institutional Coordination: Collaboration between health, energy, and development sectors is vital.
• Capacity Building: Training local staff and technicians ensures sustainable and effective implementation.
• Financing: Both traditional and innovative financing models should be explored to support electrification.

6. Country Case Studies

• Case studies from India, Uganda, and Nepal highlight the challenges and successes in electrifying health-care facilities.
• These examples show the importance of tailored approaches and stakeholder engagement.

7. Way Forward

• Data-Related Actions: Improve data collection and harmonization across health-care facilities.
• System Planning: Develop and implement robust electrification plans that consider local needs and conditions.
• Programme Implementation: Scale up support, financing, and investments for electrification.
• Policy and Finance Schemes: Create supportive policy and finance mechanisms to unlock sustainable energy solutions.

Key Information

• ISBNs: 978-92-4-006696-0 (electronic), 978-92-4-006697-7 (print).
• License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
• Contributors: Includes experts from WHO, World Bank, IRENA, and SEforALL, along with technical support from institutions like Duke University, World Resources Institute, and Selco Foundation.
• Peer Reviewers: A diverse group of experts from various international organizations and institutions.
• Financial Support: Provided by the Norway Agency for Development Cooperation, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, and IRENA.

Conclusion

This report underscores the urgent need to prioritize electricity access in health-care facilities as a key component of sustainable development and UHC. It calls for increased investment, improved coordination, and the adoption of decentralized, renewable energy solutions to ensure reliable and clean power for health services. The report also highlights the importance of long-term maintenance, capacity building, and the integration of energy and health sectors to achieve lasting impact.