Cancer-2023年美国癌症事实与数据（英）-84页_6mb

Cancer Facts & Figures 2023 Summary

Overview

• Estimated New Cases: 1,958,310 cases in the U.S. in 2023, excluding basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinoma except urinary bladder.
• Estimated Deaths: 609,820 deaths in 2023.

State-Specific Data

• Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Highest incidence rates observed in states like Kentucky and West Virginia; lowest in states like Utah and California.
• Lung Cancer: Most common cancer by deaths (127,070 deaths), high in Appalachia and the South.
• Black/AAPI Disparities: Mortality rates higher in Black individuals compared to White counterparts for many cancers (e.g., Black men have 44% higher lung cancer mortality).

Risk Factors and Prevention

• Tobacco: Leading cause, responsible for ≈30% of cancer deaths (down from 34% in women).
• Excess Body Weight: Associated with 18% of cancer cases, including endometrium, kidney, and colon cancer.
• Alcohol: Linked to 5–7% of cancer cases, increasing risk for breast, liver, and esophageal cancers.
• Vaccination/H screening: HPV and Hep B vaccines prevent cervical, liver cancers; colorectal and breast cancer screening recommended starting at age 45 for average-risk individuals.

Disparities

• Socioeconomic Status (SES): Lower SES linked to higher cancer rates and poorer outcomes due to limited access to screening and care.
• Race/Ethnicity: Black, AIAN, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander populations face higher risks. AIAN men have the highest smoking and lung cancer rates.

Screening Guidelines

• Breast: Annual mammography ages 45–54, choice-based post-54; HPV test every 5 years ages 25–65.
• Colorectal: Stool testing or flexible sigmoidoscopy starting at age 45.
• Prostate: Shared decision-making with healthcare provider beginning age 50.

Lung Cancer Special Section

• Incidence/Mortality: 238,340 cases, 127,070 deaths; disparities in access to screening (e.g., 6.5% of high-risk individuals screened).
• Survival: Improving due to targeted therapies and immunotherapy.

Conclusion

• Cancer Disparities: Driven by socioeconomic and racial/ethnic barriers; urgent need for equitable access to care and prevention strategies.
• Advocacy/Patient Support: ACS promotes policies, direct patient aid (transportation, lodging during treatment), and community navigation.