2019美国癌症报告-美国癌症协会-2019.1-152页_3mb

Cancer Statistics 2019 Summary

Core Content

The American Cancer Society's Cancer Facts & Figures 2019 report provides an overview of cancer statistics in the United States for 2019, including incidence and mortality rates, survival rates, and trends over time. The report highlights the importance of prevention, early detection, and the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on cancer risk.

Main Points

Estimated New Cancer Cases in 2019

• Total estimated new cancer cases: 1,762,450 (both sexes)
  • Males: 870,970
  • Females: 891,480
• Top sites for new cancer cases:
  • Prostate: 20%
  • Lung & bronchus: 13%
  • Colon & rectum: 9%
• Top sites for cancer deaths:
  • Lung & bronchus: 24% (males), 23% (females)
  • Breast: 15% (males), 10% (females)
  • Colon & rectum: 9% (males), 8% (females)

Estimated Cancer Deaths in 2019

• Total estimated cancer deaths: 606,880 (both sexes)
  • Males: 321,670
  • Females: 285,210
• Leading causes of cancer death:
  • Lung & bronchus: 24% of male deaths, 23% of female deaths
  • Breast: 15% of male deaths, 10% of female deaths
  • Colon & rectum: 9% of male deaths, 8% of female deaths

Lifetime Risk of Developing Cancer

• Males: 1 in 3 (39 out of 100)
• Females: 1 in 3 (38 out of 100)
• Common cancers:
  • Prostate: 1 in 9
  • Lung & bronchus: 1 in 15
  • Colon & rectum: 1 in 23
  • Breast: 1 in 8
  • Uterine corpus: 1 in 35
  • Melanoma of the skin: 1 in 27

5-Year Relative Survival Rates (1975–2014)

• All sites: increased from 49% to 69%
• Breast (female): increased from 75% to 91%
• Colorectal: increased from 50% to 66%
• Leukemia: increased from 34% to 65%
• Lung & bronchus: increased from 12% to 20%
• Melanoma of the skin: increased from 82% to 94%
• Pancreas: increased from 3% to 9%
• Survival disparities by race:
  • All sites: 67% (white) vs. 62% (black)
  • Breast (female): 91% (white) vs. 81% (black)
  • Colorectal: 65% (white) vs. 58% (black)
  • Esophagus: 20% (white) vs. 13% (black)
  • Oral cavity & pharynx: 66% (white) vs. 48% (black)
  • Ovary: 47% (white) vs. 39% (black)
  • Prostate: 98% (white) vs. 96% (black)
  • Urinary bladder: 77% (white) vs. 63% (black)
  • Uterine corpus: 83% (white) vs. 62% (black)

Trends in Cancer Incidence and Death Rates

• Cancer incidence rates have generally declined over time, particularly for lung, colorectal, and breast cancers.
• Cancer death rates have also declined, especially for the four most common cancer types.
• Trends by sex show that both males and females have seen declines in death rates, but the rates vary by cancer site and race.
• Racial disparities in incidence and death rates are evident, with higher rates in Black populations compared to White populations.

Cancer in Children and Adolescents (0–19 years)

• Top three causes of cancer death:
  • Children (0–14 years): All sites (2.1), Brain/ONS (0.7), Leukemia (0.6)
  • Adolescents (15–19 years): All sites (2.9), Leukemia (0.7), Brain/ONS (0.6)
• 5-Year Relative Survival Rates vary by age and cancer type, with higher survival rates for some cancers like melanoma and lower for others like pancreas.

Cancer Prevention and Risk Factors

• Cancer is preventable for a significant portion of cases, especially those caused by modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use and excess body weight.
• 42% of newly diagnosed cancers in the US are potentially avoidable.
• 19% of all cancers are attributed to smoking, and 18% to a combination of excess body weight, physical inactivity, alcohol use, and poor diet.
• Infectious agents such as HPV, HBV, HCV, and H. pylori can also contribute to cancer risk.

Progress Against Cancer

• Cancer death rates have declined significantly since 1991, from 215 per 100,000 to 156 per 100,000.
• Over 2.6 million fewer cancer deaths have been recorded from 1991 to 2016.
• The decline is attributed to reduced smoking rates, earlier detection, and improved treatment options.

Key Information

• Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US, after heart disease.
• Early detection through screening improves survival rates for several cancers.
• Screening prevalence among adults 85+ is a key factor in cancer outcomes.
• Tobacco use is a major contributor to cancer incidence and mortality.
• Disparities in cancer incidence and survival rates exist across different racial and ethnic groups.
• Children and adolescents have different cancer incidence and mortality patterns compared to adults.
• The report is based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics and other sources, and it highlights the importance of continued research and public health initiatives in reducing cancer burden.

Conclusion

The 2019 report provides a comprehensive overview of cancer trends, survival rates, and risk factors in the US. It underscores the importance of prevention, early detection, and addressing disparities in cancer outcomes. Despite progress, cancer remains a significant public health challenge, and further efforts are needed to reduce its incidence and mortality.