世界银行-利用家庭调查和专业企业调查来衡量非正规企业（英）-2025.5_66页_2mb

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This study investigates the measurement of informal enterprises using two main survey approaches: household surveys and area-based enterprise surveys. The analysis is based on data collected simultaneously in two cities in Ghana: Kumasi and Tamale. Key findings include:

1. Method Comparison:

   • The household survey (HS-IME) estimated higher numbers of informal enterprises, aligning with Ghana's Living Standards Survey (GLSS).
   • The enterprise survey (ISES) provided significantly lower estimates due to sampling design differences, such as time restrictions during enumeration, missing mobile enterprises, or undercounting.

2. Descriptive Analysis:

   • Both surveys were largely consistent in characterizing informal enterprises in Kumasi (older owners, better-educated and female ownership).
   • In Tamale, significant differences emerged, with larger confidence intervals for ISES estimates, reflecting a poorer-performing informal sector.

3. Correlates of Enterprise Performance:

   • Similar drivers of informal enterprise performance were identified (bank accounts, sectors, mobile phone usage, operational characteristics).
   • Tamale's informal enterprises showed lower sales and less productivity, confirming a less favorable business environment.

4. Conclusions:

   • Improve ISES methodology to reduce undercounting (e.g., adjust for peak operating hours, track mobile enterprises).
   • Integrate weighting harmonization to enable pooled data analysis.
   • Tailor survey designs to context for reliable informal sector characterization.

Accurate informal enterprise measurement is crucial for informing policy, yet survey design choices significantly impact estimates. Pooled analysis suggests collaborative development of innovative tools can balance precision and coverage across methods.