IFPRI-2017全球粮食政策报告（英文版）-148页-6mb

2017 Global Food Policy Report Summary

Core Content

The 2017 Global Food Policy Report, published by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), provides an overview of global food policy developments and challenges in 2016 and 2017. It highlights the impact of urbanization on food security and nutrition, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and outlines the role of policy coordination, agricultural innovation, and international cooperation in addressing these issues.

Main Topics and Key Points

1. Food Policy in 2016–2017: Food Security and Nutrition in an Urbanizing World

• Global Commitments: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change entered into force in 2016, marking a strong global resolve.
• Poverty and Hunger Reduction: Global poverty rates fell below 10% for the first time in history, and hunger rates dropped to less than 11%, a significant decrease from 19% in 1990.
• Food Price Trends: Global food prices fell for the fifth consecutive year due to increased supply, particularly in maize and wheat.
• Challenges Remain: Despite progress, hunger and malnutrition persist in certain regions, such as West Africa and conflict zones like Syria and Yemen.

2. Smallholders and Urbanization: Strengthening Rural-Urban Linkages

• Rural-Urban Integration: The report emphasizes the importance of strengthening linkages between rural producers and urban consumers to ensure food security and reduce malnutrition.
• Policy Coordination: Enhancing policy coordination, improving value chains, and investing in non-urban areas are critical for rural-urban integration.
• Social Protection: Productive social protection programs can support smallholders and urban populations alike.

3. Food Security and Nutrition: Growing Cities, New Challenges

• Urban Challenges: Urbanization is creating new challenges for food security, including increased poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition in cities.
• Urban Poor: The urban poor face unique challenges in accessing nutritious food, employment, and adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities.
• Need for Data and Research: The report calls for more data and research to better understand urban food systems and design effective policies.

4. Changing Diets: Urbanization and the Nutrition Transition

• Nutrition Transition: Urbanization is leading to a shift in diets, with increased consumption of animal-source foods, sugar, fats, and processed foods.
• Health Impacts: This transition is associated with rising rates of overweight, obesity, and diet-related diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.
• Policy Role: The report discusses how policies can create an enabling environment for healthier diets and nutrition.

5. Agricultural Value Chains: How Cities Reshape Food Systems

• City Influence: Cities are playing a significant role in shaping agricultural value chains, particularly through their demand for food and their role in market systems.
• Intermediate Cities: These cities are important in connecting rural producers to urban consumers and in facilitating the flow of agricultural goods.
• Investments: Critical investments in infrastructure, logistics, and market access are essential for strengthening agricultural value chains.

6. Governance: Informal Food Markets in Africa's Cities

• Informal Markets: Informal food markets in African cities are important for food security and nutrition, but they face governance challenges.
• Policy Implications: Improving governance and regulating informal markets can enhance their contribution to food security and nutrition.

Regional Developments

• Africa: The African Development Bank Group launched its 2016–2025 Strategy for Agricultural Transformation, aiming to end extreme poverty, hunger, and malnutrition by 2025. The Open Cities initiative in South Asia started in three cities to promote sustainable development.
• Middle East and North Africa: The region saw efforts to improve agricultural resilience and food security amid political and economic instability.
• Central Asia: The report highlights the need for improved agricultural productivity and market access.
• South Asia: The Philippines finalized long-term development plans, including efforts to achieve rice self-sufficiency.
• East Asia: China announced significant investments in agriculture and outlined plans to reduce meat consumption.
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Political uncertainties in countries like Brazil and Venezuela affect agricultural development and trade.

Food Policy Indicators

• Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI): Measures the impact of agricultural research and innovation.
• Statistics of Public Expenditure for Economic Development (SPEED): Tracks public spending on development initiatives.
• Global Hunger Index (GHI): Assesses the state of hunger and undernutrition globally.
• Food Policy Research Capacity Indicators (FPRCI): Evaluates the capacity for food policy research in different regions.
• Agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP): Measures productivity in agriculture.
• IMPACT Model: A tool for analyzing agricultural commodities and trade policies.

Stakeholder Perspectives

• Global Satisfaction: Over 36% of respondents believe global hunger and undernutrition can be eliminated by 2025.
• Urbanization Concerns: 73% of respondents think urbanization will make it harder to ensure everyone gets enough nutritious food.
• Policy Support: 61% believe that policies and investments are supporting the development of links between rural producers and urban consumers.

Outlook for 2017

• Economic Uncertainty: Despite global commitments, economic growth is expected to remain uncertain, with implications for food security and nutrition.
• Political Changes: Political shifts in major economies may affect global trade and development efforts.
• Conflict and Climate: Conflicts and climate-related shocks continue to threaten food security in various regions.
• Urbanization Trends: Urbanization will continue to shape food systems and present both challenges and opportunities for sustainable development.

Conclusion

The 2017 report underscores the need for stronger rural-urban linkages, agricultural innovation, and international cooperation to achieve food security and nutrition goals. It also highlights the nutrition transition and the role of cities in reshaping food systems. The report calls for data-driven policies, inclusive governance, and sustainable practices to ensure that the most vulnerable populations benefit from food policy advancements.