2017年全球粮食政策报告（英文）_148页-15mb

2017 Global Food Policy Report Summary

About IFPRI

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), established in 1975, is a research institution that provides evidence-based policy solutions to reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. IFPRI works on various aspects of food systems, including sustainable food production, healthy food systems, market improvements, and institutional strengthening. The Institute emphasizes gender equality and collaborates with a wide range of stakeholders, including public institutions, the private sector, and farmers' organizations.

Core Content and Main Focus

The 2017 Global Food Policy Report focuses on the challenges and opportunities created by rapid urbanization in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in relation to food security and nutrition. It highlights how urbanization is reshaping food systems and the role of cities in promoting sustainable development and addressing malnutrition.

Key Developments in 2016

• Global Economic Stagnation: 2016 marked the sixth year of global economic stagnation, with growth projected to rise slightly to 2.7% in 2017.
• Poverty Reduction: The World Bank projected that extreme poverty fell below 10% of the global population for the first time in history.
• Hunger Reduction: Global hunger rates dropped from 19% in 1990 to less than 11% in 2016, with significant progress in countries like Bangladesh and Ethiopia.
• Climate Change Commitments: The Paris Agreement entered into force in November 2016, with 126 countries ratifying it. The agreement addresses climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance, which are crucial for food security.
• Nutrition Initiatives: The UN endorsed the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) Framework for Action and declared 2016–2025 the Decade of Action on Nutrition.
• Urban Policy Agendas: The New Urban Agenda was adopted at the Habitat III summit, promoting sustainable urban development and the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact was signed by 132 mayors worldwide.
• Agricultural Investments: The African Development Bank launched its 2016–2025 Strategy for Agricultural Transformation, and the G7 reaffirmed its commitment to nutrition, aiming to help 500 million people move out of hunger by 2030.
• Global Food Price Trends: Global food prices fell for the fifth consecutive year due to increased supply, particularly in maize and wheat. Rice production also reached an all-time high in 2016.
• Humanitarian Crises: Conflicts and climate shocks (e.g., El Niño) worsened food insecurity in regions such as West Africa, southern Africa, and Syria.

Challenges in 2016

• Persistent Inequality: Income inequality remains high, with the top 1% capturing a larger share of income in many countries.
• Food Insecurity in Conflict Zones: In Yemen, nearly half the population faced high food insecurity due to conflict. In Syria, 4–5 million displaced people required urgent food aid.
• Urbanization Pressures: Rapid urbanization is increasing pressure on food systems due to environmental degradation, limited land, and shifting dietary patterns.
• Nutrition Transition: Urbanization is driving a shift from traditional diets to more processed and calorie-dense foods, leading to increased rates of overweight, obesity, and diet-related diseases.

Key Recommendations and Strategies

• Strengthen Rural-Urban Linkages: Enhancing coordination between rural producers and urban consumers can improve food security and nutrition. This includes better policy integration, stronger value chains, and investments in non-urban areas.
• Promote Sustainable Food Systems: Cities can act as engines of growth for agriculture through improved infrastructure, data-driven planning, and investment in modern technologies.
• Address Malnutrition in Urban Areas: The urban poor face unique challenges, including limited access to nutritious food, employment, and basic services. Policies should focus on improving these areas and providing social protection.
• Leverage Open Data: The Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition (GODAN) Summit emphasized the importance of open data in improving agricultural research and food policy outcomes.
• Support Agricultural Innovation: The G20 highlighted the need for agricultural innovation in science, technology, and policy to achieve sustainable development goals.

Outlook for 2017

• Uncertain Prospects: Despite strong commitments to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), political and economic uncertainties, including the UK's Brexit and the US presidential election, may hinder progress.
• Economic and Political Shifts: Political changes in various regions are creating uncertainty for global development, trade, and investment in food security.
• Need for Continued Momentum: The global development community must maintain momentum to ensure food systems are resilient and capable of meeting the needs of growing urban populations.
• Role of Cities: Cities will continue to shape food systems, with the need for better governance, policy coordination, and investments to ensure food security and nutrition for all.

Key Findings from the Survey

• Global Hunger Elimination by 2025: 36% of respondents believe global hunger and undernutrition can be eliminated by 2025.
• Local Progress: 46% of respondents think hunger and undernutrition can be eliminated in their own countries by 2025.
• Urbanization Impact: 73% of respondents believe urban expansion will make it harder to ensure nutritious food for all.
• Policies and Investments: 61% of respondents think policies and investments are supporting the development of rural-urban linkages.

Conclusion

The 2017 Global Food Policy Report underscores the critical role of urbanization in shaping food systems and the need for coordinated policies to address food security and nutrition in both rural and urban areas. It calls for continued global and local efforts to ensure sustainable development and the well-being of the world's poorest and most vulnerable populations.