2016年-世界发展银行全球_Cambodia_Rural_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation_Sector_Improvement_Support___Synthesis_Report_61页_3mb

Summary of the Cambodia RWSSH Sector Improvement Support Technical Assistance

Core Content

This report presents a synthesis of the results, experiences, and lessons learned from the three-year Technical Assistance (TA) program "Cambodia RWSSH Sector Improvement Support (P132212)" implemented by the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) from May 2013 to June 2016. The TA aimed to support the Government of Cambodia in operationalizing the Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (RWSSH) sector strategy and strengthening its capacity in monitoring and learning. The program focused primarily on rural sanitation, which has lagged behind progress in rural water supply and has not met the Millennium Development Goals (MDG).

Main Objectives

• Strengthen the Government of Cambodia's capacity to lead, coordinate, and mobilize resources for RWSSH services.
• Operationalize the National Strategic Plan for RWSSH (2014–2025) and develop a medium-term National Action Plan (NAP) for the sector.
• Establish a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system to support the implementation of the NAP.
• Promote behavior change communications (BCC) to enhance sanitation uptake.
• Pilot a decentralized service delivery model for rural sanitation.

Key Activities and Results

Pillar 1: Operationalizing the Sector Strategy and Decentralization

• Sector Partner Mapping: Conducted a survey to map sector partners and understand stakeholder roles and resources. This improved coordination and strategic alignment.
• Dissemination of National Strategy: The National Strategy for RWSSH was promoted across all 25 provinces, leading to the development of the National Strategic Plan (2014–2025).
• Formulation of NAP: A 2014–2018 National Action Plan was developed, including realistic activities, outputs, timelines, and a results framework.
• BCC National Guidelines: Developed guidelines to support a unified BCC campaign across the sector, enabling coherent messaging.
• Decentralized Pilot Model: Implemented a pilot of rural sanitation function transfer in two provinces, providing insights for nationwide roll-out.

Pillar 2: Sector Monitoring and Learning

• MIS Development: Conducted an M&E situation analysis and designed a performance monitoring framework to support the development of a government-owned Management Information System (MIS).
• Strategic Research: Undertook two studies:
  • The link between rural sanitation and child stunting.
  • The effect of Output-Based Aid (OBA) and sanitation marketing on poor households.

Lessons Learned

• Stakeholder Engagement: Interactive learning with sub-national stakeholders increases ownership and commitment.
• Political Profile: Elevating the political profile of the sector can facilitate resource mobilization.
• Participatory Planning: Involving stakeholders in the development of the NAP improves alignment and institutional momentum.
• BCC Implementation: Introducing evidence-based BCC requires capacity building and a shift in mindset.
• Resource Allocation: Sufficient financial and human resources must be transferred to district levels to enable effective service delivery.
• MIS Sustainability: Robust institutional support and government resources are critical for the long-term use of the MIS.

Recommendations

For the Government of Cambodia

• Dialogue on Resource Allocation: Use the NAP to engage with the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) for better resource allocation.
• Strengthen TWG-RWSSH: Ensure the Technical Working Group for RWSSH closely monitors the NAP implementation.
• Periodic Partnership Assessment: Conduct assessments to understand external support and commitments.
• Implement BCC Campaign: Develop and roll out a national BCC campaign based on the National Guidelines.
• Evaluate Budget Transfer: Assess the adequacy of budget transferred to pilot districts and identify opportunities for improvement.
• Develop Roadmap for Function Transfer: Create a joint roadmap with NCDD Secretariat for nationwide sanitation function transfer.

For the World Bank

• Continue Support for Implementation: Provide ongoing assistance to MRD and TWG-RWSSH in executing the NAP.
• Support Pilot Continuation: Continue the decentralized sanitation pilot to gather evidence and build political support.
• Integrate with Other Projects: Link RWSSH with the Disaster Risk Management Project (P149149), Livelihood Enhancement and Association Project (P153591), and Social Accountability Project.
• Long-Term Engagement: Plan for multi-sectoral IDA operations in the future, including nutrition and RWSSH.

Key Information

• Rural Sanitation Status (2015): 60% of the rural population still practices open defecation.
• Rural Water Supply Status (2015): 38% of the rural population has access to improved water sources.
• 2025 Vision: The government aims for universal access to water and sanitation in rural areas.
• SDG Target: Achieving universal access by 2030, which requires a significant acceleration in progress.
• TA Focus: The TA emphasized the need for institutional strengthening, policy alignment, and the development of a unified M&E system.

Key Deliverables

• NAP (2014–2018): A medium-term action plan with clear activities and outputs.
• National Guidelines for BCC: Framework for promoting behavior change in sanitation and hygiene.
• Performance Monitoring Framework: Designed to support the MIS for the sector.
• Strategic Research Reports: Addressed key knowledge gaps in the sector.
• Resource Pack: Includes all supporting documents and deliverables from the TA.

Future Opportunities

• Technical Assistance: Continued support for the government to implement and monitor the NAP.
• Integration with World Bank Operations: Linking RWSSH with other development projects to enhance impact.
• Multi-Sectoral Operations: Potential for future IDA operations that address nutrition and RWSSH in tandem.

Conclusion

The TA program has laid the groundwork for improving rural water supply, sanitation, and hygiene in Cambodia by strengthening institutional capacity, promoting BCC, and establishing a monitoring framework. The success of the program depends on continued support, political commitment, and effective resource allocation to ensure sustainable progress towards the 2025 vision and SDG targets.