国际能源署-2025年全球甲烷追踪器（英）-2025_64页_6mb

Global Methane Tracker 2025 Summary

Core Content

The Global Methane Tracker 2025 by the International Energy Agency (IEA) provides a comprehensive overview of methane emissions from the energy sector and highlights the opportunities for reducing these emissions. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, responsible for around 30% of the rise in global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution, and reducing it is critical for limiting near-term warming and improving air quality.

Key Findings

• Methane Emissions Still Rising: Despite growing awareness, energy-related methane emissions have not yet peaked. In 2024, they reached 145 Mt, with the fossil fuel sector responsible for nearly one-third of all human-caused methane emissions.
• Abandoned Facilities as Major Sources: Abandoned oil and gas wells and coal mines contribute significantly to methane emissions, with 8 Mt from abandoned facilities in 2024. These sources are often overlooked but could be a major contributor to future emissions if not properly managed.
• Underreporting of Methane Emissions: National inventories are underreporting methane emissions, with IEA estimates being 80% higher than those reported to the UNFCCC. Data quality is improving, but gaps remain, especially in regions like Venezuela and Russia.
• Methane Pledges are Widespread but Implementation Lags: Over 80% of global oil and gas production is covered by methane reduction pledges, but few have developed real implementation plans or demonstrated verifiable reductions.
• Methane Abatement is Cost-Effective: Around 70% of fossil fuel methane emissions could be avoided using existing technologies, often at low or negative cost. Methane abatement measures can deliver high rates of return, with 30% of the industry’s emissions avoidable through cost-effective methods.
• Methane Reduction Boosts Energy Security: Cutting methane and flaring could make nearly 100 billion cubic metres of natural gas available to markets. This has significant implications for energy supply and demand balance.
• Bioenergy is a Major Methane Source: Incomplete combustion of traditional biomass for cooking and heating in developing economies is a leading cause of methane emissions, contributing 18 Mt globally. Modern bioenergy also emits methane, but these emissions can be mitigated with improved technologies.
• Natural Gas is Cleaner than Coal: Natural gas results in 35% fewer lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions than coal. However, its environmental benefits depend on minimizing methane emissions during extraction and transport.

Main Points and Recommendations

• Urgent Action Required: Rapid and sustained reductions in methane emissions are essential to limit global warming and improve air quality. The IEA emphasizes that methane mitigation is one of the fastest and most cost-effective ways to reduce emissions.
• Improve Data and Transparency: Better data collection and transparency are needed to support effective mitigation. The IEA has developed an open-access model for exploring methane abatement options in the oil and gas sector.
• Implement Proven Policies: Policies like leak detection and repair (LDAR), no- or low-emission equipment, and restricting routine flaring and venting are already effective and should be scaled up.
• Focus on Abandoned Facilities: Abandoned coal mines and oil/gas wells emit significant amounts of methane. Plugging and monitoring these facilities is a key mitigation strategy.
• Promote Clean Cooking Access: Over 2 billion people lack access to clean cooking, leading to 3 million premature deaths annually and contributing to methane emissions. Universal access to clean cooking would significantly reduce emissions and improve public health.
• Global Collaboration is Key: While many countries and companies have made methane pledges, implementation remains weak. The IEA recommends that regulators, companies, and financiers work together to ensure effective action.

Conclusion

The Global Methane Tracker 2025 underscores the importance of addressing methane emissions from the energy sector. With existing technologies and policies, a substantial portion of these emissions can be reduced at little or no cost. The report calls for stronger data collection, improved implementation of commitments, and global cooperation to achieve meaningful reductions in methane emissions and support climate goals.