2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_Sweden_62页_1mb

Summary of Doing Business 2018: Economy Profile of Sweden

Core Content of the Report

The Doing Business 2018 report, published by the World Bank Group, evaluates the regulatory environment for businesses in 190 economies. It focuses on the ease of doing business, measuring various aspects such as starting a business, obtaining construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, accessing credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. The report also includes labor market regulation indicators. The goal is to provide measurable benchmarks for reform and encourage economies to improve their regulatory frameworks for business.

Key Indicators and Their Importance

The report uses a standardized methodology to compare business regulations and their enforcement across different economies. It provides distance to frontier (DTF) scores and ease of doing business rankings. The DTF score measures how close an economy is to the best practices observed globally, on a scale from 0 (lowest performance) to 100 (frontier). The rankings range from 1 (best) to 190 (worst).

Sweden's Profile

Sweden is classified as an OECD high-income economy, with a population of 9,903,122 and a GNI per capita of $54,630. The business regulations are evaluated in Stockholm, the largest business city. Sweden's performance in several indicators is compared with other OECD high-income economies and the overall best performers.

Main Topics and Findings

1. Starting a Business

• Procedures: 3 for men and 3 for women.
• Time: 7 days for men and 7 days for women.
• Cost: 0.5% of income per capita for men and 0.5% for women.
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: 11.1% of income per capita.
• Performance: Sweden ranks well, with a DTF score of 11.1% (compared to 8.7% for OECD high-income economies), and is among the best performers in this area.

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Procedures: 8 procedures.
• Time: 117 days.
• Cost: 2.0% of warehouse value.
• Building Quality Control Index: 9.0 (out of 15), indicating a strong regulatory framework.
• Performance: Sweden's DTF score is 2.0% (compared to 1.6% for OECD high-income economies), and it is ranked relatively high in this area.

Detailed Summary of Key Indicators

Starting a Business

• Procedures: 3
• Time: 7 days
• Cost: 0.5% of income per capita
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: SEK 50,000 (11.1% of income per capita)
• Methodology:
  • A standardized business is assumed to be a limited liability company with 10–50 employees.
  • The business is 100% domestically owned and has a start-up capital of 10 times income per capita.
  • The company must obtain a bank certificate, register with the Swedish Companies Registration Office, and register with the Swedish Tax Agency.
  • The process is efficient and has minimal cost, with online procedures reducing time by 0.5 days.

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Procedures: 8

• Time: 117 days

• Cost: 2.0% of warehouse value (SEK 22,462,979.80)

• Building Quality Control Index: 9.0 (out of 15)

• Key Steps:

  • Hire an external certified supervisor (1 day, SEK 180,000)
  • Hold a technical consultation meeting with the municipality (15 days, no charge)
  • Obtain a building permit (60 days, SEK 88,680)
  • Receive decision to commence construction (5 days, no charge)
  • Receive inspection from the building committee (1 day, no charge)
  • Submit supervisor's report and hold final consultation meeting (10 days, no charge)
  • Obtain water and sewerage connection (25 days, SEK 190,000)
  • Obtain final certificate (10 days, no charge)

• Quality Control Measures:

  • Quality of building regulations: 2.0 (out of 2)
  • Accessibility of building laws: 1.0 (out of 1)
  • Clear requirements for building permits: 1.0 (out of 1)
  • Quality control before construction: 1.0 (out of 1)
  • Third-party verification of building plans: 1.0 (out of 1)
  • Quality control during construction: 3.0 (out of 3)
    • Required inspections: by external engineer or firm, unscheduled, and risk-based.
    • Mandatory inspections are always carried out.
  • Quality control after construction: 3.0 (out of 3)

Conclusion

Sweden performs well in the Doing Business 2018 report, particularly in starting a business and dealing with construction permits. Its regulatory environment is efficient, transparent, and supportive of business operations. The country's DTF scores are competitive with other OECD high-income economies, and its procedures are streamlined with minimal time and cost. The report highlights that Sweden's regulatory framework is among the best in the world, with a strong emphasis on quality control, legal clarity, and accessibility.