2015-12-31-世界卫生组织-2015-2016_STEPS_Country_report_Kiribati_122页_2mb

报告摘要

Summary of Kiribati NCD Risk Factors STEPS Report (2015-2016)

Core Content

The Kiribati Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Risk Factors STEPS Report (2015-2016) is a comprehensive survey conducted to assess the prevalence of key NCD risk factors among adults aged 18-69. The survey was implemented by the Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). It provides critical data to support public health interventions and policy planning in addressing the growing burden of NCDs in Kiribati.

Main Objectives

To document the prevalence and magnitude of key NCDs and their modifiable risk factors.
To compare NCDs and their risk factors across three age groups and between men and women.
To monitor progress towards achieving the 9 voluntary global targets for NCDs by 2025.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

47.7% of the population were current smokers, with 64.7% of men and 33.4% of women smoking.
Smokers started smoking at an average age of 18.5 years, with 16.4 years being the average for those aged 18-29.
55.5% of daily smokers consumed less than 5 cigarettes per day.
73.9% of kava drinkers smoked tobacco, with 16.0% of men and 1.2% of women likely to drink alcohol during or after kava consumption.

Alcohol Consumption

11.6% of respondents were current alcohol drinkers.
19.7% of men and 4.8% of women were current drinkers.
76.2% of current drinkers consumed at the lower-end level, 20.4% at the high-end level, and 3.4% at the intermediate level.
9.8% engaged in binge drinking in the past 30 days, with 17.6% of men more likely to binge drink than 3.3% of women.
31.4% of current drinkers consumed unrecorded alcohol in the past 7 days.

Kava Consumption

26.1% of the population consumed kava in the past 12 months.
48.0% of men and 8.0% of women consumed kava.
1.6 days per week was the average consumption of kava, with 3.2 days for men and 0.3 days for women.
1.4 hours per session was the average time spent drinking kava, with 2.6 hours for men and 0.4 hours for women.

Dietary Habits

98.4% consumed less than the recommended 5 servings of fruit and/or vegetables per day.
73.3% did not consume any fruit and/or vegetables.
35.8% did not meet WHO recommendations for physical activity.
3.7 servings of sugary drinks and 5.2 teaspoons of sugar added per day were the average consumption.
5.0 days per week of fresh fish consumption, with 2.3 servings per day on average.
1.5 days per week of tinned fish consumption, with 0.3 servings per day on average.

Physical Activity

35.8% of the population did not meet WHO physical activity recommendations.
1.6 days per week of fruit consumption and 1.5 days of vegetable consumption.
73.9% of the population had raised blood pressure.
70.1% of respondents reported having 3-5 key risk factors (daily smoking, low fruit/vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, high BMI, and raised blood pressure).

Health Indicators

45.6% of the population was obese, with an average BMI of 30.4.
41.3% always or often added salt before eating, and 61.1% did so while cooking.
35.8% of men and 31.4% of women were classified as having no physical activity.
11.6% were current alcohol drinkers, with 35.8% of them engaging in binge drinking.
35.8% of the population had raised blood pressure and 11.6% had raised blood glucose.

Methodology

Survey Structure: A multi-stage cluster sampling approach was used.
Sample Size: A total of 2,156 individuals participated, with 99.0% being I-Kiribati and 1.0% of other ethnicities.
Data Collection: Conducted from May 2015 to July 2016.
Data Analysis: Included both descriptive and inferential statistics, with confidence intervals used to assess the reliability of the data.

Recommendations

The national health strategic plan should incorporate the priorities identified in this report.
Strengthen tobacco and alcohol control initiatives.
Promote physical activity and healthy eating through community and school-based programs.
Improve screening and detection services for NCDs.
Increase public awareness about the health risks of NCDs and their modifiable risk factors.
Enhance health service delivery and infrastructure for NCD management.

Conclusion

The survey highlights the prevalence of NCD risk factors in Kiribati, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, and obesity. These findings are essential for informing public health interventions and policy development to reduce the burden of NCDs in the country. The report also emphasizes the need for collaboration between the government, WHO, and other stakeholders to address these issues effectively.