未来能源研究所-探讨利益相关者对发展中国家太阳能地球工程的看法（英）-2023.9-24页_3mb

Exploring Stakeholder Perceptions of Solar Geoengineering in Developing Countries

Title: Exploring the Stakeholder’s Perceptions of Solar Geoengineering in Developing Countries
Authors: Athar Hussain, Hassaan Fayyaz Khan Sipra, Abdul Waheed, and Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor
Affiliation: COMSATS University Islamabad and Edo State University
Project: Resources for the Future Solar Geoengineering Research Project
Date: September 2023

Solar geoengineering (SG), specifically solar radiation management (SRM) like stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), is a potential tool to mitigate climate change risks. This study examines stakeholder perceptions in developing countries (Pakistan, Nigeria, and Kenya) through a survey of over 1,000 respondents, including faculty, students, and policymakers.

Methodology:
A descriptive and inferential survey design was used, based on earlier public perception studies. Surveys were conducted online in the three countries, with response rates of 30-39%. Data was cleaned, and analyses included Kruskal-Wallis tests and multinomial logistic regression to assess differences across stakeholder groups.

Key Findings:

• Climate Change Concerns: High awareness of anthropogenic climate change (CC) across all countries, with 95% confident it is occurring. Nigeria showed lower worry compared to Pakistan and Kenya.
• Support for SG Research: Strong positive attitudes toward solar geoengineering among most respondents, with willingness to allow its use if it mitigates CC impacts or provides time for emission reductions.
• Demand for Governance: High consensus for international frameworks regulating SG research and governance, emphasizing transparency and public disclosure of field test results, including negative information.
• Trust and Views: Low trust in government and private companies, higher in Pakistan, and higher trust in environmental organizations and NGOs. Views varied by country and stakeholder group, with faculty and policymakers showing more nuanced or skeptical opinions.
• Country Differences: Kenya and Pakistan expressed higher urgency for SG, while Nigeria viewed climate change as a lower threat, partly due to its oil economy and lower vulnerability perceptions.

Conclusions:
The study highlights high awareness of climate change and support for SG research in the Global South, but stresses the need for inclusive governance. Limitations include non-representative sampling and oversimplification of SG concepts, suggesting future research should broaden geographical focus.

Limitations:

• Online survey design limits representativeness.
• Simplified survey questions may overlook complexities of SG (e.g., termination shock, ocean acidification).
• Findings may vary with a national representative sample.