世界银行-汤加高频电话调查的见解：2023年第二季度-2023年第四季度（英）-19页_1mb

Insights Summary: High Frequency Phone Surveys in Tonga Q2 2023

This summary details socio-economic indicators in Tonga from the Pacific Observatory's high-frequency phone surveys conducted from April to December 2023.

Key Findings

Income

• Total household income stability observed month-to-month.
• Wage employment is the primary income source, with slight fluctuations in formal/informal sector contributions.
• Remittances consistently received by most households (70-80%) each quarter.

Employment

• Employment levels dropped since Q2, becoming worse in Q4 for all groups.
• Proportion of adults working fell significantly, notably in Ha'apai and Eua provinces.
• The decline appears partly seasonal, requiring longer data series to confirm secular trends.

Economic Expectations

• Household and national economic outlooks deteriorated more notably in Q4.
• Urban and wealthier households showed increased financial worry between Q3 and Q4.

Food Security

• Food insecurity worsened, especially for urban households from Q3 to Q4.
• Severe food insecurity disproportionately affected the poorest urban groups, with impacts worsening in Q4.

Health and Education

• Healthcare accessibility and attendance stabilized since Q2.
• National school attendance stabilized, though rates remained high among vulnerable groups. Education affordability remains a concern.

Data Summary

Employment Decline

• National adult employment proportion decreased by 9 points from April to December 2023.
• Employment drops primarily occurred in Tongatapu's informal and agricultural sectors.

Income Composition

• Wage employment dominates household income (~85% of households).
• Remittances remain crucial for most, with government and non-family assistance also common.

Financial Outlook

• About 43% of households anticipated worse finances by Q4.
• Financial worry increased drastically among urban and wealthier households by Q4.

Food Insecurity

• Urban households showed high severe food insecurity rates (9.5%) in Q4.
• National severe food insecurity proportion fluctuated, worst affected in urban areas from Q3 to Q4.