2018-产业战略_建设适应未来的英国（英文版）-15mb

Industrial Strategy Summary

Core Content

The Industrial Strategy document, published in November 2017, outlines the UK government's plan to build a Britain fit for the future. It focuses on transforming the economy through strategic investment, innovation, and collaboration between government and the private sector. The strategy aims to improve productivity, create high-quality jobs, and position the UK as a global leader in emerging industries.

Main Objectives

• Enhance the UK's global competitiveness through strategic industrial development.
• Boost productivity across the economy, particularly in underperforming areas.
• Invest in the future by supporting innovation, education, infrastructure, and a conducive business environment.
• Address the challenges posed by technological change, an aging population, and the UK's exit from the European Union.

Key Components

Five Foundations of Productivity

The strategy is built on five key foundations that are essential for a successful economy:

1. Ideas: Promote innovation and raise R&D investment to 2.4% of GDP by 2027.
2. People: Establish a world-class technical education system and invest in retraining.
3. Infrastructure: Increase public investment in transport, housing, and digital infrastructure.
4. Business Environment: Improve support for SMEs and launch Sector Deals to boost productivity.
5. Places: Develop Local Industrial Strategies and invest in city transport to improve regional connectivity.

Four Grand Challenges

The strategy identifies four Grand Challenges to drive the UK's leadership in the global technological revolution:

1. AI & Data Economy: Position the UK as a leader in artificial intelligence and big data.
2. Clean Growth: Maximize the advantages for UK industry from the global shift to clean energy.
3. Future of Mobility: Become a world leader in the development and implementation of new mobility technologies.
4. Ageing Society: Use innovation to meet the needs of an aging population.

Key Policies and Investments

Ideas

• Raise R&D investment to 2.4% of GDP by 2027.
• Increase R&D tax credit rate to 12%.
• Invest £725m in the Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund to support innovation.

People

• Establish a technical education system comparable to the best in the world.
• Invest £406m in maths, digital, and technical education.
• Create a National Retraining Scheme with £64m initial funding for digital and construction skills.

Infrastructure

• Increase the National Productivity Investment Fund to £31bn.
• Invest £400m in electric vehicle charging infrastructure and £100m to extend the plug-in car grant.
• Allocate over £1bn to boost digital infrastructure, including £176m for 5G and £200m for full-fibre networks.

Business Environment

• Launch Sector Deals with the automotive, life sciences, construction, and artificial intelligence sectors.
• Create a £2.5bn Investment Fund to support innovative and high-potential businesses.
• Conduct a review of policies to improve productivity and growth for SMEs, including addressing the 'long tail' of underperforming firms.

Places

• Develop Local Industrial Strategies to leverage regional strengths.
• Introduce a Transforming Cities Fund with £1.7bn for intra-city transport.
• Pilot a Teacher Development Premium with £42m to support professional development for teachers in disadvantaged areas.

Strategic Leadership and Partnerships

• The strategy is designed as a long-term policy framework that guides both public and private investment decisions.
• It emphasizes collaboration with businesses, workers, universities, local government, and devolved administrations.
• An Independent Industrial Strategy Council will be established to monitor progress and provide recommendations.

Addressing Weaknesses

• The UK has long struggled with low productivity compared to other G7 countries.
• A significant portion of this issue is due to the 'long tail' of underperforming businesses, people, and places.
• The strategy aims to address these disparities to ensure inclusive growth and improved living standards.

Global Britain

• The UK's exit from the EU is not a move towards isolation, but rather an opportunity to embrace global trade.
• The government aims to maintain open markets and secure a comprehensive economic partnership with the EU.
• The strategy aligns with the UK's goal of becoming a global leader in emerging technologies and industries.

Conclusion

The Industrial Strategy is a comprehensive plan to ensure the UK remains a competitive and innovative economy. It emphasizes strategic government intervention, public-private partnerships, and long-term investment in key areas such as R&D, education, infrastructure, and regional development. The strategy is intended to position the UK for success in the global economy, particularly in the face of technological change and the need to address the challenges of an aging society.