2014年-世界发展银行全球_Elaboration_of_Integration_Strategies_for_Urban_Marginalized_Communities___Integrated_Summary_26页_12mb

Summary of Integration Strategies for Urban Marginalized Communities in Romania

Core Content

This document outlines the integration strategies for urban marginalized communities in Romania during the 2014-2020 programming period, focusing on the Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) approach. The goal is to empower communities to lead their own development, ensuring inclusivity, sustainability, and innovation. The European Commission has encouraged this approach, and the Government of Romania (GoR) has allocated €100 million from the Regional Operational Programme (ROP) to support it. The World Bank has been engaged to provide guidance on implementing CLLD, including defining target areas, preparing Local Integration Strategies (LIS), and setting up support mechanisms.

Main Points

1. What is Community-Led Local Development (CLLD)?

• CLLD is a development approach aimed at helping disadvantaged communities take ownership of their development.
• It is based on five principles: local territorial approach, participatory and partnership methods, integrated local strategies, innovation, and networking.
• The approach emphasizes community involvement, co-responsibility, and the use of local knowledge and resources.

2. Key Elements of CLLD: Area, Partnership, and Strategy

• Area: CLLD focuses on specific subregional areas with defined problems.
• Partnership: Local Action Groups (LAGs) are central to the process, and strong local structures and trust among stakeholders are essential.
• Strategy: Local Development Strategies (LDSs) must be integrated, multisectoral, and aligned with broader development goals. They should address both local and systemic issues.

3. Risks and Mitigation Measures

• Risk of dominance by powerful local interest groups: Mayors' offices may dominate the process.
• Mitigation: Establish clear participatory mechanisms, define grievance redress systems, and ensure transparency and accountability.
• Need for monitoring and evaluation (M&E): To track the implementation and ensure CLLD principles are followed.

4. Definition of Urban Marginalized Communities

• These are areas with low human capital, low formal employment, and inadequate housing.
• They are often socially isolated, poor, and not well represented in average poverty statistics.
• They are frequently associated with health risks, poor infrastructure, and lack of legal documents.

5. Sub-types of Urban Marginalized Communities

• Ghetto areas of low-quality blocks of flats: Often built before 1990, with poor living conditions and utility issues.
• Slum areas with houses or improvised shelters: Characterized by extreme poverty and lack of infrastructure.
• Modernized social housing: Provides infrastructure but is occupied by poor families, often facing utility affordability issues.
• Social housing in historical city centers: Degraded buildings with long-standing residents, often Roma communities.

6. Identification and Mapping of Urban Marginalized Areas

• The 2011 Population and Housing Census data are used to identify these areas.
• Maps of urban marginalized areas are presented for several cities, showing the distribution and types of disadvantaged areas.
• The proposed methodology needs further testing and local validation through field verification and stakeholder input.

7. Funding CLLD in Romania

• The proposed budget for a fully-fledged CLLD strategy is between €4.1 million and €10.6 million.
• The ERDF is expected to cover 50-80% of the budget, with the rest coming from ESF.
• A total of €100 million from ERDF and €50 million from ESF could fund 17-18 local strategies.

8. Operationalizing CLLD

• A two-year preparatory phase is recommended before implementation.
• This includes awareness campaigns, capacity building, and setting up support structures.
• The establishment of Local Action Groups (LAGs) and Local Integration Strategies (LISs) is critical.

Key Information

• Target Group: Urban marginalized communities are defined by low human capital, low formal employment, and inadequate housing.

• Budget Allocation: €100 million from ERDF and a corresponding €50 million from ESF are proposed for CLLD.

• Implementation Phases:

  • Launch: Awareness and capacity building.
  • Expression of Interest: Call for proposals from municipalities and NGOs.
  • Preparation: Establishing LAGs and preparing LISs.
  • Selection: Choosing the best integration strategies and action plans.
  • Implementation: Managing and executing the strategies.
  • Phase Out and Evaluation: Monitoring and evaluating outcomes to ensure effectiveness and compliance with CLLD principles.

• Challenges:

  • Ensuring true community participation.
  • Avoiding segregation and addressing systemic issues.
  • Providing legal and institutional support for LAGs.
  • Managing risks of political interference and inadequate funding.

• Support Structures:

  • A Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC) at the national level.
  • Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) and Intermediate Bodies (IBs) play key roles.
  • Capacity building is essential at both central and regional levels.

Conclusion

The CLLD approach offers a promising framework for integrating urban marginalized communities in Romania, but its success depends on careful planning, community involvement, and the establishment of robust support and monitoring systems. The proposed strategies and methodologies aim to ensure that local communities are empowered, that resources are used effectively, and that the outcomes are sustainable and inclusive.