2014年-世界发展银行全球_Elaboration_of_Integration_Strategies_for_Urban_Marginalized_Communities___The_Atlas_of_Urban_Marginalized_Communities_in_Romania_312页_27mb

Summary of Elaboration of Integration Strategies for Urban Marginalized Communities

Core Content

This document outlines the Elaboration of Integration Strategies for Urban Marginalized Communities, a project aimed at supporting the Government of Romania (GoR) in the design and implementation of integration strategies for disadvantaged and marginalized urban areas. The project is part of a broader initiative to improve the use of EU Structural and Cohesion Funds, particularly during the 2014-2020 programming period. The key outputs of the project include:

• The Atlas of Urban Marginalized Areas in Romania, which provides a detailed typology and spatial analysis of urban marginalized areas.
• The Integrated Intervention Tool, a practical guide for implementing Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) in Romania.
• Six Conceptual Pilots, which serve as examples of how CLLD can be applied in specific urban contexts.

The project was developed in collaboration with the GoR, the European Commission (EC), and the World Bank (WB), and involved extensive qualitative and quantitative research.

Main Views

1. Definition and Assessment of Urban Marginalization

• No legal definition of "marginalized areas" exists in Romania.
• The project defined urban marginalization based on three main criteria: poor housing, low formal employment, and low human capital.
• These criteria are measured using key indicators such as access to basic services, employment rates, education levels, and housing conditions.
• The urban threshold for each criterion is set at the 80th percentile of the national data, which allows for a relative assessment of deprivation.

2. Methodology

• The project was carried out in four phases:
  1. Literature review (March–April 2013): Identified existing definitions and criteria for marginalized areas.
  2. Qualitative research (May–June 2013): Conducted in 10 cities, including Alba Iulia, Baia Mare, Brăila, Călan, Dorohoi, Slobozia, Strehaia, Târgu Mureș, and Sector 2 and 5 of Bucharest.
  3. Quantitative data collection (October–November 2013): Involved 220 cities and 6 sectors in Bucharest, with the help of the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) and the Regional Development Agencies (RDAs).
  4. Refinement and mapping (Based on data from 2011 Census and fieldwork): Maps were produced at city, county, and regional levels, highlighting the spatial distribution of marginalized communities.

3. Key Findings

• The Atlas provides a comprehensive typology of urban disadvantaged areas, based on both qualitative and quantitative data.
• It presents spatial maps that visualize the distribution of marginalized areas across Romania.
• The Integrated Intervention Tool supports the GoR in designing an implementation framework for CLLD, which is expected to be a dedicated Priority Axis in the Regional Operational Programme (ROP).
• The six conceptual pilots demonstrate how CLLD can be applied in real urban settings, offering practical examples for other municipalities and NGOs.

4. Comparison with Poverty Maps

• The urban marginalization maps differ from WB-EC poverty maps, which are based on household income data and use a 60% median income threshold.
• The current project uses individual, household, and dwelling-level indicators (e.g., education, employment, access to electricity) to assess marginalization.
• The methodology emphasizes local conditions and community-led development, rather than solely focusing on economic indicators.

Key Information

• Objective: To support the GoR in designing and implementing integration strategies for urban marginalized communities using CLLD.
• Scope: Includes 319 cities and towns and 6 sectors in Bucharest.
• Data Sources: 2011 Population and Housing Census, qualitative field research, and data from local authorities.
• Methodology: Combines quantitative data analysis and qualitative fieldwork to identify and classify urban marginalized areas.
• Output: A series of maps, typologies, and pilots to guide policy and intervention strategies.
• Audience:
  • Managing Authority (MA) of the ROP, particularly senior managers.
  • Intermediate Bodies (IBs) and Regional Development Agencies (RDAs).
  • Local authorities and NGOs interested in EU-funded urban interventions.
  • European Commission (EC), especially DG REGIO, for policy replication and guidance.

Conclusion

The project provides a new approach to identifying and addressing urban marginalization in Romania, emphasizing community-led development and spatial analysis. The Atlas and its associated tools are designed to help policymakers and local actors target interventions effectively, based on a nuanced understanding of the characteristics and distribution of marginalized communities. The work is expected to contribute to the sustainable development of urban areas through improved policy design and institutional frameworks aligned with EU guidelines.