2014年-世界发展银行全球_South_Sudan_Pilot_Reintegration_Project___TDRP_Key_Learning_Report_36页_3mb

Summary of the Republic of South Sudan National DDR Programme 2013-2014 Pilot

Core Content

The Republic of South Sudan National DDR Programme 2013-2014 Pilot was initiated by the National Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (NDDRC), in collaboration with the World Bank's Transitional Demobilization and Reintegration Program (TDRP), and funded by KfW (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau). The project aimed to test reintegration approaches and develop actionable lessons for the full National DDR Programme (NDDRP). It focused on reintegration of former members of the Sudan People's Liberation Army/South Sudan Armed Forces (SPLA/SSAF), specifically from the Wounded Heroes division, into civilian life.

The pilot was implemented in four states of the Greater Bahr el Ghazal region: Warrap, Lakes, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, and Western Bahr el Ghazal. It was divided into three phases: reinsertion, reintegration, and follow-up, with a total duration of 12 months (April 2013 – October 2014). The project included livelihoods support, DDR community support projects, institutional capacity building, and monitoring and evaluation components.

Main Objectives

• To test reintegration approaches and develop actionable lessons for future DDR programming.
• To provide ex-combatants with skills to enhance their livelihood opportunities in their communities of return.
• To facilitate socio-economic reintegration of ex-combatants into their families and communities.
• To build a system of DDR reintegration management that can be sustained beyond the pilot phase.

Key Components of the Pilot

1. Livelihoods Support

• Entrepreneurship, Cooperatives, and Financial Literacy Trainings: Conducted as a combined curriculum, starting early in the DDR cycle to promote market-based decision-making.
• Livelihood Start-Up Kits: Provided essential tools for sustainable livelihoods, aligned with vocational training.
• Technical Skills Extension: Included agricultural extension and vocational training, with emphasis on practical, low-literacy-friendly methods.
• ICRS Integration: Trainers worked with ICRS caseworkers to ensure continuity and effective service delivery.

2. DDR Community Support Projects

• Focused on community mobilization and common good projects such as borehole installation.
• Implemented through state-managed, coordinated mechanisms linked to the DDR Commission.
• Emphasized social capital returns and integration with reconciliation efforts.

3. Institutional Capacity Building

• Included project management training, mentoring, and systems development.
• Developed a customized Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS) for data collection and service delivery.
• Prioritized task-specific, on-the-job training for staff capacity building.

4. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)

• Conducted comprehensive data collection, including beneficiary registration, baseline surveys, and satisfaction surveys.
• Emphasized the need for dedicated M&E staff and system integration.
• Utilized ICRS caseworkers as data collectors alongside external enumerators.

Key Lessons Learned

Livelihoods Support

• Entrepreneurship and financial literacy trainings are crucial for reintegration.
• Training should be holistic and modular, involving all staff and ex-combatants.
• Hands-on and visual methods are more effective for low-literacy populations.
• Start-up kits must be aligned with vocational training and have clear content agreements.

DDR Community Support Projects

• These projects have high social value and should be integrated into broader reconciliation efforts.
• They must be implemented through line ministries with clear selection criteria and community input.

Monitoring and Evaluation

• M&E requires specific skills and dedicated resources.
• Both internal and external M&E systems are necessary.
• ICRS caseworkers are effective in data collection and M&E processes.

Institutional Capacity Building

• Tailored systems like ICRS require early development and training.
• Organizational assessments and adjustments are essential for effective capacity building.
• On-the-job training is the most effective method for building institutional capabilities.

Structural Lessons

• DDR should be more closely linked with Security Sector Reform (SSR).
• Coordination between SPLA/NOF and NDDRC is critical during the reinsertion phase.
• Reinsertion and reintegration are interwoven processes that must be planned together.
• Communication and sensitization with both internal and external stakeholders is vital.
• Psychosocial support and gender-sensitive programming are needed to ensure sustainable reintegration.
• Ex-combatant voice in programming must be prioritized.
• The full DDR programme is costly, and alternative strategies should be explored for scalability.

Strategic Recommendations

• Increase linkage between DDR and SSR.
• Clarify beneficiary categorization and numbers.
• Reduce costs of the DDR programme.
• Harmonize reinsertion and reintegration programming.
• Ensure full national government implementation.
• Maintain momentum in DDR programming to support long-term peace and development.

Conclusion

The 2013-2014 DDR Pilot in South Sudan was a crucial step towards establishing a nationally-led, well-designed DDR programme. It provided valuable documentation, tools, and lessons that can be used to improve future DDR initiatives. The project emphasized sustainable livelihoods, community engagement, and institutional capacity building as key pillars of successful reintegration. Given the current security dynamics, the recommendations highlight the need for strategic adjustments to ensure the programme remains effective, cost-efficient, and inclusive.