2010年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Philippines_Country_Profile_2009_15页_1mb

Philippines Country Profile 2009 Summary

Core Content Overview

The Philippines Country Profile 2009 is a comprehensive report based on Enterprise Surveys conducted by the World Bank and its International Finance Corporation (IFC). It evaluates the business environment, firm productivity, and key economic indicators across various sectors such as infrastructure, trade, regulations, corruption, crime, and finance.

Main Topics and Indicators

1. Business Environment Obstacles

• Key Constraints: The report highlights the main challenges firms face in the Philippines, comparing them with regional and income group averages.
• Top Constraints: The first graph outlines the top 10 constraints perceived by firms, while the second graph breaks down the top 3 constraints by firm size (small, medium, large).
• Impact on Firms: Poor business environments increase operational costs, reduce productivity, and hinder firm growth.

2. Average Firm Characteristics

• The report presents data on the average firm in the Philippines, including:
  • Age: Average age of firms is 17.4 years.
  • Ownership: 90.1% of firms are privately owned, with foreign private ownership at 9.6%.
  • Female Participation:
    • 69.4% of firms have female participation in ownership.
    • Female top managers are not reported for the overall average, but the percentage of female participation in ownership is noted.
  • Workforce Composition:
    • 39.1% of firms have full-time female workers.
    • Average number of permanent workers is 61.0, and temporary workers is 15.4.

3. Infrastructure

• Power Outages:
  • 1.0 power outages per month on average.
  • 3.4% of sales are lost due to power outages.
• Water Shortages:
  • 2.2 water shortages per month.
  • Average duration of water shortage is 4.7 hours.
  • 3.4% of sales are lost due to water shortages.
• Service Delays:
  • Electrical connection delay: 23.1 days.
  • Water connection delay: 31.9 days.
  • Telephone connection delay: 12.8 days.

4. Trade

• Exporter Firms: 12.2% of firms in the Philippines export directly or indirectly.
• Foreign Inputs: 53.0% of firms use foreign material inputs.
• Customs Delays:
  • Average time to clear direct exports: 8.1 days.
  • Average time to clear imports: 15.8 days.
• Transport Losses:
  • 2.4% of export value is lost due to theft.
  • 4.1% of export value is lost due to breakage or spoilage.

5. Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

• Business Licensing:
  • Days to obtain an import license: 13.9 days.
  • Days to obtain a construction permit: 21.7 days.
  • Days to obtain an operating license: 10.6 days.
• Government Interaction:
  • Senior management time spent dealing with regulations: 9.1%.
  • Average number of visits to tax officials: 1.6 times.
• Legal Forms:
  • Open shareholding company: 12.1%.
  • Closed shareholding company: 44.7%.
  • Sole proprietorship: 24.3%.
  • Partnership: 11.2%.
  • Limited partnership: 2.9%.
  • Other forms: 4.5%.

6. Corruption

• Graft Index: 11.3% of firms in the Philippines were asked or expected to pay a bribe when applying for public services.
• Gifts to Tax Inspectors: 21.8% of firms expect to give gifts during meetings with tax inspectors.
• Gifts for Government Contracts: 53.3% of firms expect to give gifts to secure a government contract.
• Gifts for Construction Permits: 34.7% of firms expect to give gifts to obtain a construction permit.
• Gifts for Import Licenses: 19.4% of firms expect to give gifts to get an import license.
• Gifts for Operating Licenses: 10.6% of firms expect to give gifts to get an operating license.

7. Crime and Informality

• Court Perceptions: 47.9% of firms believe the court system is fair, impartial, and uncorrupted.
• Security Costs: 1.3% of sales are spent on security.
• Losses Due to Crime: 1.1% of sales are lost due to theft, robbery, vandalism, and arson.
• Informality: 97.5% of firms are formally registered when they start operations, indicating a relatively low level of informality.

8. Finance

• Internal Finance: 75.9% of firms rely on internal finance for investment.
• Bank Finance: 12.2% of firms use bank finance for investment.
• Working Capital External Financing: 18.4% of firms use external financing for working capital.
• Collateral Requirements: On average, firms need 236.8% of the loan amount as collateral.
• Bank Loans/Line of Credit: 33.2% of firms have access to bank loans or lines of credit.
• Bank Accounts: 97.8% of firms have a checking or savings account.

9. Innovation and Workforce

• Quality Certification: 15.7% of firms have internationally recognized quality certification.
• Financial Audits: 91.1% of firms have annual financial statements reviewed by external auditors.
• Website Usage: 50.1% of firms use their own website.
• Email Usage: 67.8% of firms use email for communication with clients and suppliers.
• Workforce Composition:
  • Temporary workers: 15.4 on average.
  • Permanent, full-time workers: 61.0 on average.
  • Female full-time workers: 39.1% of the workforce.

Key Comparisons

Conclusion

The Philippines Country Profile 2009 provides a detailed analysis of the business environment, highlighting areas where firms face significant challenges such as corruption, regulations, infrastructure deficiencies, and crime. It also emphasizes the importance of financial services, innovation, and workforce dynamics in shaping firm productivity and performance. The report serves as a valuable tool for policymakers and researchers to understand and improve the business climate in the Philippines, benchmarking it against East Asia & Pacific and Lower Middle Income countries.