2017-2018年全球竞争力报告（英文版）_391页_22mb

Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018 Summary

Core Content

The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018 is a flagship publication by the World Economic Forum (WEF), authored by Professor Klaus Schwab and edited by Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martín. It presents the findings of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), which evaluates the competitiveness of 140 countries based on 12 pillars of competitiveness. The report highlights the need for a human-centric approach to economic progress, emphasizing the importance of sustainable growth, equitable distribution, and inclusive development in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Main Themes and Findings

1. The Role of Competitiveness in Economic Progress

• Competitiveness is defined as the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine productivity, which is the main driver of long-term economic growth.
• The GCI aims to help decision-makers understand the complex and multifaceted nature of development challenges and to design forward-looking policies that balance market, state, and community interests.
• The report underscores the need for public-private collaboration to address competitiveness challenges and to ensure shared prosperity.

2. Challenges to Economic Growth

• Structural headwinds to growth have persisted, especially in advanced economies, where productivity improvements remain sluggish.
• The Fourth Industrial Revolution is reshaping the economic and political landscape, creating new challenges and uncertainties for policy design.
• Globalization has become more polarized, and its benefits are not evenly distributed. There is a growing need to redefine globalization to be more inclusive and to ensure broader societal participation.

3. Human-Centric Economic Progress

• Economic growth should not be an end in itself, but a means to enhance human welfare.
• The report advocates for a multidimensional approach to competitiveness that includes:
  • Broad-based distribution of economic gains
  • Environmental sustainability
  • Intergenerational equity
• It calls for rethinking traditional metrics like GDP, which often confuse means with ends, and instead focus on well-being, education, health, and security.

4. Key Challenges Identified

• Financial vulnerabilities threaten competitiveness and the ability of economies to finance innovation and technological adoption.
• Emerging economies are improving in innovation, but benefits are not widely shared.
• Labor market flexibility and worker protection are critical for competitiveness in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Key Insights from the GCI Rankings

Regional Analysis

• The report includes regional analysis and selected economy highlights, providing insights into how different parts of the world are performing in terms of competitiveness.
• East Asia and Pacific, Europe and North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa are analyzed for their economic progress, challenges, and potential areas for improvement.

Conclusion and Recommendations

• The report emphasizes the need for new models of economic progress that are human-centric, inclusive, and sustainable.
• It calls for rethinking economic policies to better align with social values, productivity growth, and global cooperation.
• The WEF encourages stakeholder engagement, benchmarking, and monitoring to support policy development and economic transformation.

The report is available at www.weforum.org/gcr, and the data platform allows users to explore detailed profiles and rankings for nearly 140 countries.