世界银行：2022年投资促进机构报告_74页_21mb

Summary of "State of Investment Promotion Agencies: Evidence from WAIPA-WBG's Joint Global Survey"

Core Content

This report presents the findings of the 2020 Joint Global Survey conducted by the World Bank Group (WBG) and the World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA), focusing on the structure, strategy, and services of Investment Promotion Agencies (IPAs) worldwide. It outlines three core pillars for effective investment promotion: Corporate Strategic Planning and Sector Prioritization, Institutional Framework, and Investor Services. The survey involved 91 IPAs from different regions and income groups, providing insights into their operations, challenges, and future reforms.

Main Findings

1. Corporate Strategic Planning and Sector Prioritization

• Strategic Planning: 70% of IPAs have a written, multiyear strategy, while 24% do not. Strategies are essential for aligning with national development plans (NDPs) and FDI goals.
• Sector Prioritization: IPAs target an average of 11 priority sectors, with renewable energy (68%) and information technology (IT) services (62%) being the most popular.
• Influence of SDGs: Strategies are increasingly influenced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in identifying priority sectors and activities.
• Resource Allocation: On average, 38 staff are dedicated solely to investment promotion, and 13 to FDI. Technical staff (61) are mostly women (47%), but only a small portion are focused on FDI promotion.

2. Institutional Framework

• Organizational Structure: Most IPAs are either semi-autonomous public bodies (37%), subunits of ministries (26%), or autonomous agencies (18%) reporting directly to ministries of industry or commerce (32%).
• Mandates: IPAs have an average of 8 mandates, with 53% having between 6 and 10. Mandates often extend beyond investment promotion to include policy advocacy, market development, and more.
• Financial Resources: Almost all IPAs are funded by government public funds, with 34% having a budget below US$2 million. The majority of promotion budgets are allocated to investment generation, while policy advocacy receives the smallest share.
• Coordination Mechanisms: 64% of IPAs use coordination mechanisms, but challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies and limited institutional coordination persist.

3. Investor Services

• Investment Life Cycle Services: IPAs provide services across four stages of the investment life cycle: attraction, entry and establishment, operations, and linkages/spillovers.
• Common Services:
  • Business events and conferences (93% of IPAs) during the attraction stage.
  • Guidance on government structure and regulations (77%) during entry and establishment.
  • Communication and grievance management (65%) during retention and expansion.
  • Networking and coordination (64%) during linkages and spillovers.
• Information Systems: 62% of IPAs use CRM software, 68% have SOPs, and 43% have a shared information system.
• Social Media: 83% of IPAs dedicate up to two full-time employees to manage social media, with annual expenditures ranging from US$10,000 (44%) to over US$100,000 (23%).

Key Challenges and Changes

• FDI Trends: Global FDI inflows increased slightly in 2019, but are expected to decline due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Changing Dynamics:
  • Digitalization and technology disruptions (56%) are seen as the most significant changes.
  • Market changes (30%), new investment promotion methods (23%), policy and regulatory changes (18%), and global/trade uncertainty (11%) are also anticipated.
• Main Challenges:
  • Budgetary and financial limitations.
  • Staff capacity and training.
  • Bureaucratic and procedural inefficiencies.
• Reforms Requested:
  • Better institutional coordination (59%).
  • Improved strategic alignment (44%).
  • More streamlined regulations (43%).

Survey Methodology and Sample

• Survey Design: Based on previous WBG and WAIPA surveys, the questionnaire included 10 sections and 69 questions, covering strategic planning, institutional structure, financial resources, and investor services.
• Sample Representation:
  • Geographic Distribution: IPAs are most concentrated in Europe and Central Asia (37%), followed by Sub-Saharan Africa (22%), Latin America and the Caribbean (13%), East Asia and Pacific (11%), Middle East and North Africa (10%), South Asia (4%), and North America (2%).
  • Income Distribution: 41% of IPAs are from high-income countries, 29% from upper-middle-income, 22% from lower-middle-income, and 9% from low-income countries.
  • Response Rate: Varies significantly by region, with the highest in Europe and Central Asia (79%) and North America (100%), and the lowest in East Asia and Pacific (40%) and the Caribbean (40%).

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of strategic alignment, institutional autonomy, and high-quality investor services for effective investment promotion. It highlights the growing influence of the SDGs on IPA strategies and the need for improved coordination and streamlined regulations to address the evolving FDI landscape. The findings provide a foundation for future reforms and research in the investment promotion sector.