2021年欧盟工业研发投入记分榜报告（英）-139页_6mb

2021 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard Summary

Core Content

The 2021 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard is a Science for Policy report by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), providing an overview of private R&D investment in the EU and globally in 2020. The report highlights how the pandemic affected R&D investment trends, the evolving R&D specialisation patterns among major world regions, and the EU's position in the global R&D landscape in relation to sustainability goals and green technologies.

Main Findings

1. Global R&D Investment Trends in 2020

• Global R&D investment increased by 6.0% in 2020, marking the 11th consecutive year of growth, albeit at a slower pace than the previous year's 9.2%.
• The EU saw a 2.2% decrease in R&D investment, breaking the positive trend observed in previous years.
• The US and China led in R&D growth, with 9.1% and 18.1% respectively, while Japan and RoW saw 0.9% and 3.0% growth.
• ICT services and Health industries were the main drivers of global R&D growth, with the Automotive and Aerospace & defence sectors experiencing significant declines.
• The EU's share of global R&D investment fell slightly to 20.3%, while the US share increased to 37.8% and China's share rose to 15.5%.

2. Sectoral R&D Performance in the EU

• Automotive was the largest R&D sector in the EU, accounting for 34% of total EU R&D investment, but it saw a 7.2% decrease in 2020.
• Health and ICT services were the only EU sectors with positive R&D growth, at 10.3% and 7.2%, respectively.
• Other sectors such as Aerospace & defence, Chemicals, and Industrials also experienced R&D declines, with Aerospace & defence down by 22.6%.
• Germany remained the largest R&D investor in the EU, with only a 0.3% decrease in R&D investment, due to a balance between strong performance in Health and ICT and reduced investment in Automotive.
• Denmark, Belgium, and Austria showed positive R&D growth in the EU, with 6.0%, 10.3%, and 12.4% respectively.

3. Global R&D Specialisation Shifts

• The global R&D landscape is increasingly concentrated in four major sectors: ICT producers (22.9%), Health industries (20.8%), ICT services (18.6%), and Automotive (15.2%).
• EU companies have a more diversified R&D portfolio compared to the US, which is heavily focused on high-tech sectors.
• Over the past decade, Chinese companies have significantly increased their R&D investment in ICT services and producers, surpassing EU counterparts in these areas.
• The EU maintains a leadership position in Automotive and Health sectors, with R&D investment levels 5 times higher than China in Automotive and 2 times higher in Health.
• The EU-US gap in R&D intensity is largely due to structural factors, particularly in ICT services and Health, while the EU-China gap is driven by ICT services and ICT producers.

4. Strategic Implications for the EU

• The EU faces policy challenges in maintaining its leadership in key sectors such as Automotive, Health, and ICT services.
• Strategic autonomy in key technology sectors is essential to ensure supply chain stability and market security.
• The EU should focus on reinvigorating its Health sector, particularly in biotechnology, and catching up in ICT to align with digital and green transitions.
• The EU's broader distribution of R&D activities across geographic regions and sectors presents opportunities to improve investment attractiveness.

5. Patenting Trends and R&D Intensity

• EU companies are more likely to source R&D inputs from abroad, with 27.5% of their patents having inventors located outside the company's headquarters region.
• In Health and ICT sectors, the EU has higher patenting activity abroad compared to the US and China.
• In the Automotive sector, the EU maintains a balance between domestic and foreign-controlled patenting.
• R&D intensity remains a key indicator, with the EU's overall R&D intensity at 4.2%, compared to 7.8% for the US and 15.5% for China.

6. Future Outlook and Policy Recommendations

• The EU's new industrial and innovation policy should focus on co-creation of transition pathways and industrial technology roadmaps.
• Horizon Europe and NextGenEU recovery plans highlight the EU's ambition to reinvigorate its industrial base.
• Green and digital transitions are central to the EU's sustainability goals, and R&D investment is crucial to achieving these objectives.
• The EU must address structural gaps in R&D intensity and rebalance its focus to maintain competitiveness in the global technology race.

Key Information

• Document Type: Science for Policy report by the JRC.
• Published by: European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union.
• Release Date: 2021.
• ISBN: 978-92-76-44399-5 (PDF), 978-92-76-44400-8 (Print).
• Data Sources: Bureau van Dijk – A Moody's Analytics Company, under supervision by various JRC and DG RTD teams.
• Key Authors: Nicola Grassano, Héctor Hernández Guevara, Péter Fako, Alexander Tübke, Sara Amoroso, Aliki Georgakaki, Lorenzo Napolitano, Francesco Pasimeni, Francesco Rentocchini, Ramon Compañó, Serena Fatica, and Roberto Panzica.
• Main Contributors to Review: Patrick McCutcheon, Alexandr Hobza, Oceane Peiffer Smadja, Julien Ravet, Alex Talacchi, and Jochen Brodersen.
• Funding: The report was produced within the GLORIA project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 under grant agreement No 101015509.

Conclusion

The 2021 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard provides a comprehensive analysis of R&D investment trends in the EU and globally, highlighting the impact of the pandemic, the shift in technological specialisation, and the EU's strategic position in key sectors. The report underscores the need for the EU to adapt its R&D policies to address structural gaps, support high-tech industries, and align with the European Green Deal and Digital Compass objectives.