欧盟-2018年欧盟工业企业研发投入排名报告（英文）-2018.12-110页_3mb

2018 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard Summary

Core Content

The 2018 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard is a Science for Policy report by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and Directorate General for Research and Innovation (DG RTD). It provides an evidence-based analysis of the global industrial R&D investment landscape, focusing on the top 2500 companies investing over €25 million in R&D. These companies account for approximately 90% of the world's business-funded R&D, with the EU contributing 27%, the US 37%, Japan 14%, China 10%, and the Rest-of-the-World (RoW) 12%.

The report includes a detailed patent-based analysis of the EU's innovation activity, highlighting the differences between inventorship and ownership of patents across member states. It also examines the 10-year trends of R&D investment and performance for companies based in Asia, particularly the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As).

Main Highlights

• Global R&D Investment: In 2017/18, the top 2500 companies invested a total of €736.4 billion, representing an 8.3% increase compared to the previous year.
• Top R&D Investors: The top R&D investors globally are Samsung (€13.44bn), Alphabet (€13.39bn), and Volkswagen (€13.14bn). The EU has 2 companies in the top 10, 18 in the top 50, and 32 in the top 100.
• Sector Specialisations:
  • The EU has 20.1% in ICT, 22.4% in health, and 30.5% in automotive.
  • The US has 51.4% in ICT, 26.7% in health, and 7.8% in automotive.
  • Japan has 24.9% in ICT, 30.8% in automotive, and 12.4% in health.
  • China has 44.7% in ICT, 11.4% in automotive, and 3.4% in health.
• R&D Growth by Sector:
  • ICT services and ICT producers led global R&D growth, with 13% and 11% respectively.
  • Health followed with 7.7% growth, while Industrials and Aerospace & Defence showed lower or negative growth.
• EU R&D Growth: The EU's R&D investment increased by 5.5%, with the Automotive sector showing the strongest growth (6.1%), followed by Health (4.6%) and ICT services (13.3%).
• Non-EU R&D Growth: Non-EU companies, especially US and Chinese, showed higher R&D growth, with ICT and Health as the leading sectors.
• R&D Intensity:
  • The US has the highest average R&D intensity at 6.3%.
  • The EU and Japan have 3.4%, while China has 2.8%.
  • The EU is lagging behind the US in R&D intensity, but has a positive but decreasing difference with China.
• Patent Analysis:
  • In most EU countries, the number of patents invented is higher than the number owned.
  • In Cyprus, Luxembourg, and Malta, the number of applicants is significantly higher than the number of inventions.
  • The top three companies in Romania, Lithuania, and the Netherlands own a high proportion of patents, while in Italy and the UK, this is much lower.

Key Information

• The EU1000 (top 1000 EU R&D investors) is a subset of the global Scoreboard, with 577 EU companies included.
• The EU1000 shows a high concentration of R&D, with 97% of R&D from the top 578 EU companies and 97% from the top 10 member states.
• The three largest EU countries (Germany, the UK, and France) contribute 68% of total R&D and sales.
• The top 50 companies by R&D intensity are dominated by ICT (24) and Health (23), with 14 EU companies, 25 US companies, 9 Asian companies, and 2 Swiss companies.
• The EU's R&D share in ICT has decreased by over 8 percentage points, while in Automotive it has increased by more than 6 percentage points.
• China's R&D growth in the ICT sector has outpaced the EU's growth in Automotive, Health, and Aerospace & Defence, reducing the EU/China R&D intensity gap.
• Asian M&A activity towards the EU has grown by 150% from 2007 to 2016, though still lower than US and RoW activity. Chinese firms are the main drivers of this growth, with M&A activity increasing by more than fivefold.
• The Scoreboard is based on company financial data and annual reports, with some data inconsistencies due to national accounting practices. This may lead to underrepresentation of Southern and Eastern European companies and overrepresentation of UK firms.

Methodology and Dataset

• The dataset includes 2500 companies from 46 countries, with 2922 companies in total (including the EU1000).
• R&D, net sales, profits, Capex, and employment data are collected using consistent methodologies and definitions.
• Patent data is used to map inventorship and ownership, enabling a more accurate analysis of innovation activity across the EU.
• The data collection capacity is enhanced by including subsidiary companies, providing a better understanding of sectoral and geographic distribution.

Conclusion

The 2018 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard highlights the continued growth of global R&D investment, driven primarily by ICT and Health sectors. While the EU remains a significant player, it is losing ground in ICT and gaining in Automotive. The US and China are increasing their R&D intensity and global shares, particularly in ICT. The EU1000 shows a high concentration of R&D, with Germany, the UK, and France leading in both R&D and sales. The patent analysis reveals discrepancies between invention and ownership, indicating the influence of foreign companies on EU innovation. Finally, Asian M&A activity towards the EU has grown significantly, with Chinese firms playing a central role.