2022-03-26-世界卫生组织-Meningitis_Weekly_bulletin_21_to_27_March_2022_25页_1mb

报告摘要

Meningitis Weekly Bulletin Summary (Semaine/Week 12, March 21-27, 2022)

This report describes the epidemiological and laboratory situation for week 12 and provides an overview of data from January to December 2022, with recommendations for meningitis-related activities.

I. Epidemiological Situation (Week 12)

Reported Countries: 17 countries provided weekly epidemiological reports.
Cases and Deaths: A total of 212 suspected cases across multiple districts, with 10 deaths (CFR = 4.7%).
Alert/Threshold Crossings:
- Niger: 48 cases, 1 death (2 CFR), 1 district crossed the alert threshold.
- Senegal: 20 cases, 2 deaths (10 CFR), 1 district crossed alert threshold.
District-Level Crossings: Two districts exceeded the epidemic threshold in Niger (1) and Senegal (1).

II. Summary of Epidemiological Situation (Jan-Dec 2022)

Cumulative Cases (Jan-Dec 5367) with 250 deaths (4.7% CFR overall).
Highest Impact Countries: Niger (733 cases, 22 deaths), Cameroon (328), Chad (92), Guinea (34), Burkina Faso (388).
Sub-national data may not be fully available for some countries (e.g., Ethiopia, DR Congo).

III. Laboratory Data Summary (Jan-Dec 2022)

Total Pathogens Identified: 316 isolated germs (96 were Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) - 30.4%).
Most Prevalent: Sp polymorphic (Nm). High prevalence noted in Niger (179 NmC), Chad (18/26 cases), and Burkina Faso.
Positive tests delayed or incomplete in some regions.

IV. Key Recommendations & Initiatives

Surveillance:
- Subdivide high-risk (>100k pop) districts for better outbreak detection.
- Develop modeling tools, enhance genomic surveillance.
- Submit ICG requests immediately upon epidemic threshold crossing.
Laboratory:
- Fast-track laboratory confirmation for cases.
- Share weekly lab data with WHO Inter-Team Support Team (IST-WA).
Vaccination:
- Countries planning introduction of MenAfriVac should apply for GAVI support.
- Consider local vaccine stocks for emergency responses.
Data Management & Care:
- Support countries to improve data reporting using DHIS2.
- Develop survivor care strategies by September 2022.
Preparedness & Response:
- Submit MF2 templates to WHO AFRO for the 2021-22 season.
- Strategies include budget authorizations and integration into broader health initiatives.