2016年-世界发展银行全球_Malawi_Drought_2015-2016___Post-Disaster_Needs_Assessment_113页_60mb

Summary of the Malawi Drought 2015-2016 Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA)

I. Core Content

The Malawi Drought 2015-2016 Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) was conducted to evaluate the impact of the severe drought that affected the country and to develop a comprehensive recovery strategy. The assessment was led by the Government of Malawi and supported by the World Bank, United Nations, and European Union. It aimed to identify the damages, losses, and recovery needs across various sectors, with a focus on long-term resilience.

The drought, influenced by an unusually strong El Niño effect, led to erratic rainfall, prolonged dry spells, and severe crop failures. It impacted over 24 million people in the past 36 years, and the 2015-2016 drought is expected to leave 6.5 million people food insecure during the 2016/17 season.

The PDNA identified damages and losses totaling US$365.9 million, with recovery needs estimated at US$500.2 million. Over half of these needs are linked to the food security sector. The report also emphasizes the importance of gender mainstreaming and disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the recovery process.

II. Main Views and Key Information

1. Drought Impact and Response

• Impact: The drought significantly affected agriculture, food security, water supply, health, nutrition, education, and other sectors.
• Rainfall Analysis: The 2015-2016 season saw delayed and erratic rains, leading to prolonged dry spells and crop failures, especially in the Southern and Central regions.
• Humanitarian Consequences:
  • 6.5 million people are expected to be food insecure in 2016/17.
  • 28% of the population in affected districts will not meet their basic food and non-food needs in the first quarter of 2017.
• Immediate Response:
  • The Government of Malawi declared a state of disaster in April 2016.
  • A Food Insecurity Response Plan (FIRP) was developed with a total estimated cost of USD 380.056 million.

2. Sector Analysis

The PDNA analyzed 17 sectors, including agriculture, food security, water, health, nutrition, education, environment, transport, energy, and social protection. Key findings include:

• Agriculture:
  • Crop failures were widespread, with maize and rice being particularly affected.
  • Losses were highest in the Southern Region.
• Water:
  • Water resources were severely impacted, with dried ponds and reduced water availability.
  • Water supply and sanitation (WASH) infrastructure faced significant damage.
• Health:
  • Healthcare services were strained due to increased malnutrition and disease prevalence.
  • Drought-related health issues included acute respiratory infections, malaria, and skin infections.
• Nutrition:
  • Malnutrition rates increased, especially among children under five and pregnant/lactating women.
  • Programs like the Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP) were critical in addressing these issues.
• Education:
  • School attendance and access to education were affected due to food insecurity and health issues.
• Social Protection:
  • Social cash transfer programs were expanded to support vulnerable populations.
• Transport and Energy:
  • Transport infrastructure was damaged, affecting supply chains.
  • Energy sector faced load shedding and reduced electricity generation due to drought effects on hydroelectric power.

3. Macroeconomic Analysis

• Economic Impact: The drought caused losses in GDP, inflation, and external and fiscal position challenges.
• GDP Losses: The agriculture sector contributed significantly to the loss of GDP.
• Fiscal Response: The Government of Malawi mobilized USD 149.36 million in financial assistance, focusing on food security, health, and education.

4. Recovery Strategy

• Strategic Pillars:
  • Increase agricultural productivity and irrigation development.
  • Improve food security, nutrition, and health services.
  • Enhance community resilience.
  • Strengthen water resources management and supply.
  • Integrate disaster risk reduction (DRR) into recovery.
  • Ensure gender mainstreaming in all recovery interventions.

5. Disaster Risk Reduction and Financing

• DRR System Performance: The DRR system was found to be under-resourced and underdeveloped.
• Risk Financing:
  • International risk financing options were explored.
  • Suggestions include strengthening insurance mechanisms and improving early warning systems (EWS).

III. Key Recommendations

• Multi-sectoral recovery strategy should be implemented to address the complex impacts of the drought.
• Gender-sensitive approaches are needed to ensure equitable recovery and participation of women in disaster risk reduction.
• Strengthening the DRR system and integrating risk financing into national policy is essential for future resilience.
• Improved data collection and monitoring should be prioritized to support timely and effective interventions.
• Collaboration between government and international partners is crucial for efficient resource mobilization and implementation.

IV. Implementation and Follow-up

• Key stakeholders include the Government of Malawi, World Bank, UN, European Union, and local NGOs.
• Institutional framework involves the Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Development (MoFEPD) and the Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA).
• Geographical coverage includes 24 drought-affected districts.
• Next steps include finalizing the recovery action plan, scaling up social protection programs, and enhancing early warning systems.

V. Conclusion

The Malawi Drought 2015-2016 PDNA is a comprehensive assessment that highlights the severity of the drought and the multi-dimensional impacts on various sectors. It provides a strategic framework for recovery and resilience building, emphasizing the need for collaboration, data-driven policies, and gender-sensitive approaches. The report serves as a foundation for future disaster preparedness and sustainable development in Malawi.