2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Libya_2021_country_profile_10页_335kb

Libya Country Profile Summary on Tobacco Control

Core Content Overview

This document provides an overview of Libya's tobacco control measures as assessed by the WHO's MPOWER framework, which evaluates compliance with key tobacco control policies. The framework includes six components: Monitoring, Smoke-Free Environments, Cessation Programmes, Warn about the Dangers of Tobacco, Enforce Bans on Tobacco Advertising, and Raise Taxes on Tobacco.

MPOWER Compliance Score

• Monitoring (M): Compliance score of 2, indicating a minimal measure.
• Smoke-Free Environments (P): Compliance score of 2, indicating a minimal measure.
• Cessation Programmes (O): No data available.
• Health Warnings (W): Compliance score of 10, indicating a complete measure.
• Advertising Bans (E): Compliance score of 10, indicating a complete measure.
• Taxation (R): Compliance score of 9.4%, indicating cigarettes have become less affordable since 2010.

Key Information

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)

• Date of signature: 18 June 2004
• Date of ratification: 7 June 2005
• Population: 6,871,287
• Income group: Middle-income

National Tobacco Control Programme (as of 31 December 2020)

• A national government objective for tobacco control exists.
• A national agency for tobacco control exists.
• Number of full-time equivalent staff: Not available.
• Government expenditures on tobacco control: Not available.

Tobacco Use Prevalence

• Nationally representative surveys: No recent surveys for adults or adolescents in the past 5 years.
• Latest survey data (2009):
  • Cigarette smoking (current): 25.1% (both sexes)
  • Cigarette smoking (daily): 23.8% (both sexes)
  • Smokeless tobacco use (current): 1.2% (both sexes)
  • Smokeless tobacco use (daily): 0.7% (both sexes)
  • E-cigarette use (current): Not available.

Smoke-Free Environments (as of 2020)

• Compliance score: 2 (minimal measure).
• Smoke-free laws exist in:
  • Health-care facilities: Yes (score 5)
  • Educational facilities (excluding universities): Yes (score 3)
  • Universities: Yes (score 2)
  • Government facilities: Yes (score 2)
  • Indoor offices and workplaces: Yes (score 2)
  • Restaurants: Yes (score 2)
  • Cafés, pubs and bars: No (score 0)
  • Public transport: Yes (score 3)
  • All other public places: Yes (score not specified)
• Fines for violations: Not required.
• Enforcement funds: Not available.
• Complaint system: Not available.
• Subnational laws: All subnational jurisdictions are covered by national legislation.

Smoking Cessation Support (as of 31 December 2020)

• Toll-free quit line/help line: No.
• Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT):
  • Not legally sold.
  • No information on purchase or coverage.
• Bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin):
  • Not legally sold.
  • No information on purchase or coverage.
• Varenicline:
  • Not legally sold.
  • No information on purchase or coverage.
• Cessation support availability:
  • Health clinics or other primary care facilities: Yes in some.
  • Hospitals: No.
  • Office of a health professional: No.
  • In the community: No.
  • Other: Yes in some.
• Coverage of cessation support by health insurance or national health service:
  • Health clinics or other primary care facilities: Partially.
  • Hospitals: Not available.
  • Office of a health professional: Not available.
  • In the community: Not available.
  • Other: Partially.

Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages (as of 2020)

• Mandatory health warnings: Yes for all tobacco products.
• Percentage of principal display areas covered by warnings: 25% for all products.
• Front and rear combined: 50%.
• Front only: 0%.
• Rear only: Not mandated.
• Font style, size, and color: Not mandated.
• Rotating warnings: No.
• Warnings in principal language(s): Yes.
• Warnings not obscured: No.
• Graphical warnings: No.
• Warnings on each package and retail labeling: Yes.
• Warnings not removing liability of tobacco industry: No.
• Specific warnings: Yes, with 1 approved warning.
• Fines for violations: No.

Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship Bans (as of 2020)

• Direct advertising bans:
  • National TV and radio: Yes (score 10)
  • International TV and radio: Yes (interpreted as covered)
  • Local magazines and newspapers: Yes (score 10)
  • International magazines and newspapers: Yes (interpreted as covered)
  • Billboards and outdoor advertising: Yes (score 10)
  • Advertising at point of sale: Yes (score 3)
  • Internet advertising: Yes (score not specified)
  • Other direct bans: Yes (score not specified)
• Compliance score for direct bans: 10 (complete measure).
• Law requires fines for direct advertising violations: Yes.
• Promotion and sponsorship bans:
  • Free distribution: Yes (score 8)
  • Promotional discounts: Yes (score 8)
  • Non-tobacco products identified with tobacco brand names: Yes (interpreted as covered)
  • Brand name of non-tobacco products used for tobacco products: Yes (score 10)
  • Tobacco brands in TV and films: Yes (score 5)
  • Tobacco products in TV and films: Yes (score 5)
  • Prescribed anti-tobacco ads in visual entertainment media: Not required.
  • Complete ban on sponsorship: Yes (score 10)
  • Ban on sponsorship contributions: Yes
  • Ban on publicizing sponsorship: Yes
  • Ban on CSR activities: Yes
  • Tobacco companies publicizing CSR: Yes
  • Entities publicizing CSR of tobacco companies: Yes
  • Tobacco companies funding smoking prevention campaigns: Yes
• Compliance score for indirect bans: 10 (complete measure).
• Law requires fines for indirect advertising violations: Yes.
• Ban on tobacco vending machines: Yes.
• Ban on internet sales of tobacco products: No.
• Subnational laws: All subnational jurisdictions are covered by national legislation.

Tobacco Taxation and Affordability (as of 31 July 2020)

• Price of lowest cost brand of cigarettes: LYD 2.00
• Price of premium brand of cigarettes: LYD 17.00
• Taxes on most sold brand of cigarettes:
  • Total taxes: 9.44%
  • Specific excise: 0.00%
  • Ad valorem excise: 0.00%
  • VAT or sales tax: 1.04%
  • Import duty: 2.11%
  • Other taxes (River tax and Social security tax): 6.29%
• Affordability:
  • Cigarettes are less affordable in 2020 compared to 2018.
  • Cigarettes have become less affordable since 2010.
  • % of GDP per capita required to purchase 100 packs (or 2000 cigarettes): 7.70%

Earmarked Tobacco Taxes for Health

• No earmarking of tobacco taxes for health reported.

Supplementary Tax Information

• Type of excise applied: No excise.
• Uniform excise tax: Not reported.
• Greater reliance on specific tax: Not reported.
• Minimum specific tax: Not reported.
• Retail price used as base for ad valorem component: Not reported.
• Specific tax adjusted for inflation: Not reported.
• Price dispersion (cheapest brand as % of premium brand): 11.76%
• Duty-free cigarette sales banned: No

Annual Tax Revenues from Tobacco

• Most recent data reported: 2013
• Currency: LYD
• Total tax revenue (all tobacco products): 86,936,788.63 LYD

Main Points and Summary

Libya has implemented complete measures for health warnings and advertising bans, indicating strong compliance in these areas. However, the country scores minimal in monitoring and smoke-free environments, suggesting limited data collection and incomplete smoking restrictions.

Cessation support is partially available in some primary care facilities, but not in hospitals or community settings. There is no toll-free quit line, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and pharmacotherapies like bupropion and varenicline are not legally sold.

Tobacco taxation is in place, with 9.44% of the retail price of the most sold cigarette brand being taxes, and cigarettes have become less affordable since 2010. However, no data on excise taxes and no earmarking of tobacco taxes for health are reported.

Overall, Libya's tobacco control efforts are incomplete in several key areas, particularly in data collection and enforcement of smoke-free policies, but show comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship, as well as effective health warnings.