2016全球智库指数报告（英文版）_171页-16mb

2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report Summary

Core Content

The 2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report is a comprehensive analysis of the global think tank landscape, produced by the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) at the University of Pennsylvania. It highlights the evolving role of think tanks in shaping public policy and civil society across the world, and marks the 10th anniversary of the TTCSP's efforts to rank and evaluate think tanks globally.

Main Points

• Mission of TTCSP: To increase the profile, capacity, and performance of think tanks globally, enabling them to better serve policymakers and the public.
• Global Think Tank Database: TTCSP maintains the largest and most comprehensive database of over 6,500 think tanks worldwide.
• Index Production: The Global Go To Think Tank Index (GGTTI) is created through a rigorous process involving over 1,900 experts and institutions from around the world, including academics, media, donors, and government bodies.
• Ranking Categories: The index includes rankings by region, research area, and special achievement, providing a detailed overview of the think tank ecosystem.

Key Information

Think Tank Landscape

• North America and Europe: Account for 55% of all think tanks globally, with 1931 in North America and 1770 in Europe.
• United States:
  • Has over 1835 think tanks, more than double the number since 1980.
  • 31% of U.S. think tanks were established between 1981 and 1990.
  • 90.5% of U.S. think tanks were created since 1951.
  • About one quarter (400) of U.S. think tanks are located in Washington, DC.
  • More than half of U.S. think tanks are university affiliated.
  • The rate of think tank establishment has declined over the last 12 years in the U.S. and Europe.

Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East

• These regions have seen dramatic growth in think tanks since the mid-2000s.
• Think tanks in these areas are often government-funded, university-affiliated, or supported by international donors.
• There is a growing trend toward independent, political party-affiliated, and corporate think tanks, indicating a diversification in funding and operations.

Trends and Drivers of Think Tank Growth

• Technological and Information Revolution: Has increased the complexity of policy issues and the need for timely, concise, and accessible analysis.
• Globalization: Has created a need for policy advice that is relevant to both national and international challenges.
• Crisis of Confidence: In governments, elected officials, and institutions, leading to a protest vote against the status quo.

Recent Decline in Think Tank Establishment

• Political and regulatory hostility toward think tanks and NGOs in many countries.
• Decreased funding from public and private donors, with a preference for short-term, project-based support.
• Underdeveloped institutional capacity and inability to adapt to change.
• Increased competition from advocacy groups, for-profit consulting firms, and electronic media.
• Some institutions have discontinued operations due to perceived lack of purpose.

Global Populism and Its Impact

• The 2016 U.S. election was influenced by populist sentiments, with Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump both tapping into discontent rooted in:

  • Economic insecurity from globalization.
  • Physical insecurity due to terrorism and crime.
  • Loss of identity in a globalized world.
  • Global disorder with the shift from bipolar to multi-polar world order.
  • Crisis of confidence in institutions.
  • Information insecurity from disinformation and fake news.

• These trends have contributed to the rise of populist, nationalist, nativist, and protectionist movements globally, including the Brexit backlash, the rise of Rodrigo Duterte, and the electoral success of Donald Trump.

Global Forces Behind Populist Movements

• Energizes the public against the system.
• Globalization and its discontents.
• Disruptive technological change.
• Short-termism and quick fixes.
• Political polarization.
• Call for action over ideas.
• Increased velocity of information and policy flows.
• Policy tsunamis due to rapid changes in global affairs.
• Rise of global populists, hacktivists, and anarchists.
• Disruptive technologies empowering new forms of politics.
• Erosion of trust in national, regional, and global institutions.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the importance of think tanks in bridging the gap between knowledge and policy, and the need for them to adapt to new challenges in a rapidly changing global environment. It calls for innovation, collaboration, and global partnerships to ensure that think tanks continue to serve the public interest and contribute to democratic governance. The "four M's"—Mission, Market, Manpower, and Money—are highlighted as key areas for think tanks to focus on in order to remain relevant and effective in the global marketplace of ideas.

Authors and Contact

• James G. McGann, Senior Lecturer in International Studies and Director of TTCSP, is the main author of the report.
• All inquiries should be directed to:
  James G. McGann, Ph.D.
  Email: jmcgann@wharton.upenn.edu
  Phone: (215) 746-2928

Final Notes

• The report is a valuable resource for policymakers, civil society, and the public.
• The peer nomination and selection process is seen as authoritative and transparent.
• The TTCSP continues to seek improvements in the index and encourages feedback from the global community.